University  of  California  •  Berkeley 


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SALT     LAKE     CITY  S     EVERY     STREET 


IS    A     BOULEVARD,    ONE     HUNDRED    THIRTY- 
ROWS    OF    TREES    AND    GREEN    PARKING 


fWO    FEET     WIDE,     LINED     WITH 


-AND  THE- 


STATE   OF    UTAH 


Issued  by 
Commercial  Club  Publicity  Bureau,  Salt  Lake  City 

Published  by 
Sunset  Magazine  Homeseekers'  Bureau  of  Information 


J 


HOME  OF  THE  SALT  LAKE  CITY  COMMERCIAL  CLUB 


Readers  are  invited  to  address  the  Commercial 
Club  Publicity  Bureau,  Salt  Lake  City,  for  information 
about  any  subject  in  which  they  are  especially  inter- 
ested. The  Bureau  is  maintained  for  the  purpose  of 
supplying  accurate  information  about  Salt  Lake  City 
and  Utah,  and  all  inquiries  receive  careful,  intelligent 
attention.  No  charge  is  made  for  information  supplied 
by  the  Bureau. 


Here's    no    refrain    of    siren    strain 

To    lure    your    wealth    away; 

No   fairy    flight   of   fancy   light 

To    while    away    a    day; 

No    story    old    of    fleece    of    gold 

Awaiting    hero's    call ; 

No    fable    gay;    no    airy    lay; 

Some    simple    facts — that's    all. 


o 


w     o 


ALT  LAKE  CITY  and  Utah  are  good  places  to  visit  and  good  places  in 
which  to  live.  They  have  been  called  peculiar.  They  are  peculiar  in  this, 
that  their  people  combine  contentment  with  the  courage,  optimism  and 
progressiveness  that  have  created  the  great  West;  with  the  spirit  that  has 
wrung  millions  from  the  granite  hills,  made  homes  in  the  wilderness,  built 
great  cities  and  turned  the  deserts  into  gardens. 

Their  people  are  content  because  they  find  here  the  opportunities  for  true  happiness 
in  fruitful  avenues  for  investment  and  labor;  because  they  live  in  an  unsurpassed 
climate,  amid  beautiful  surroundings,  high-class  citizenship,  superior  educational 
advantages  and  unequaled  fields  for  recreation  and  enjoyment.  They  are  busy,  happy 
and  sensible. 

Utah  is  not  a  boom  community.  It  is  enterprising,  progressive  and  developing 
rapidly,  but  its  development  has  been  and  is  along  the  same  lines  that  appeal  to  the  one 
seeking  safe  investment  or  a  most  desirable  place  in  which  to  make  a  home.  It  seeks 
to  attract  only  investors  looking  for  legitimate  and  permanent  fields  in  which  to  employ 
their  means,  and  homeseekers  who  wish  to  become  part  of  a  progressive,  moral  com- 
munity and  to  contribute  their  share  to  the  upbuilding  of  a  great  commonwealth. 

Salt  Lake  City's  commanding  geographical  location  makes  it  the  natural  industrial, 
financial  and  transportation  center  of  the  inland  West.  It  is  the  capital  of  a  great  state, 
which  in  itself  is  an  empire  so  rich  in  opportunities  and  resources  that,  bounteous  though 
the  yield  in  the  past  has  been,  the  possibilities  have  scarcely  been  indicated.  Here  are 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  acres  of  land  of  proved  fertility,  only  a  small  part  of  which 
has  been  brought  under  cultivation;  minerals,  the  known  extent  and  value  of  which 
increase  day  by  day;  natural  conditions  which  make  manufacturing  possible  and 
profitable;  and  a  climate  which  has  awakened  the  enthusiasm  of  all  who  have  experi- 
enced it  since  one  of  the  first  white  visitors  wrote  in  1776  his  eloquent  tribute  to  the  "balmy 
air"  of  Utah. 

The  products  of  Utah's  soil  range  from  cotton  to  barley,  from  figs  to  apples;  its 
commercial  minerals  from  coal  to  gold.  Its  matchless  inland  sea  gives  to  a  large  portion 
of  the  state  the  saline  atmosphere  of  the  seacoast,  mingled  with  the  dry,  bracing  breezes 
of  the  mountains.  Its  uplands  have  scenery  rivaling  the  Alps.  Its  mountain  streams 
have  latent  power  a  hundredfold  in  excess  of  that  now  utilized. 

What  Utah  needs  most  to  bring  its  great  resources  to  their  full  development  is 
people;  people  like  those  it  has  now — good,  honest,  industrious,  progressive,  intelligent 
people.  We  do  not  care  whence 
they  come  or  what  their  pre- 
vious condition  has  been,  for 
Utah  is  of  the  West  and  the  West 
does  not  ask  a  man  who  he  is 
and  what  he  has  done,  but  what 
he  is  and  what  he  can  do. 

This  book  is  designed  to  tell 
such  people  something  about 
Utah  and  its  capital  city;  what 
they  are  and  what  they  promise 
to  become.  The  statements 
made  in  it  will  stand  investi- 
gation. In  fact,  if  the  book 
leads  to  an  intelligent  investi- 
gation of  this  region  it  will 
have  accomplished  its  mission.  PACKARD  FREE  LIBRARY,  SALT  LAKE  CITY 


MOUNTAIN  SOURCES  OF  SALT  LAKE  CITY'S   WATER  SUPPLY 


R.  KLETTING,  ARCHITECT 
UTAH'S  CAPITOL,  NOW  IN  COURSE  OF  CONSTRUCTION 

THE  CITY  AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS 

Salt  Lake  City  is  in  a  nook,  or  elbow,  on  the  western  slope  of  the  Wasatch  moun- 
tains, while  the  semi-distant  peaks  of  the  Oquirrh  range  are  to  the  west  and  south. 
The  Jordan  river  passes  through  the  western  part  of  the  city  on  its  way  from  Utah  Lake 
to  Great  Salt  Lake.  Numerous  snow-fed  streams  of  pure  water  find  their  way 
through  the  valley  to  the  river  and  lake  from  magnificent  mountain  gorges,  giving  a 
water  supply  unequaled  for  purity  and  sufficient  in  quantity  to  supply  many  times  the 
present  population.  Hot  springs  of  mineral  water,  superior  to  many  of  the  noted 
medicinal  waters  of  Europe,  are  in  the  northern  part  of  the  city. 

Almost  within  sight  from  the  streets  of  the  city  are  mountain  dells  of  rare  beauty 
and  attractive  summer  resorts  beside  mountain  lakes  that  for  beauty  rival  any  spot 
between  the  seas.  One  may  have  in  the  Salt  Lake  valley  the  unique  experience  of  visiting 
banks  of  perpetual  snow,  gathering  fruit  and  flowers  and  taking  a  "salt  water  bath," 
all  within  the  space  of  a  few  hours.  The  bases  of  the  mountains  touch  the  fertile  valley 
on  one  side  and  Great  Salt  Lake  on  the  other.  No  other  spot  is  able  to  offer  the  salt 
air  of  the  ocean,  the  refreshing  breezes  of  the  mountains  and  the  matchless  dry  atmos- 
phere which  makes  the  West  famous. 

Nature  has  aided  man  in  making  Salt  Lake  City  one  of  the  most  beautiful  in  all  the 
world.  Overlooking  a  great  valley,  with  the  shimmering  water  of  the  inland  sea  at  its 
feet,  no  better  spot  on  which  to  build  a  city  could  have  been  found  in  all  the  West. 
From  the  University  campus,  on  a  bench  several  hundred  feet  higher  than  the  business 
portion  of  the  city,  one  has  a  view  the  beauty  of  which  will  cling  to  him  as  long  as  memory 
lasts.  At  his  feet  are  the  broad,  tree-lined  streets  of  the  city,  with  neat  and  attractive 
homes.  Here  and  there  a  great  mansion  or  a  lofty  steeple  towers  above  the  foliage. 
Further  on  are  stately  office  buildings,  with  the  magnificent  City  and  County  building 
in  the  midst  of  a  beautiful  park  to  the  south  and  the  world-famous  Mormon  Temple 
on  the  north.  Across  the  valley,  beyond  the  emerald  stretches  of  field,  stand  the  Oquirrh 
mountains,  in  their  enveloping  blue  haze.  To  the  east  are  the  richly  colored  slopes  of  the 
Wasatch  and  beyond  are  great  mountain  peaks,  many  of  them  more  than  ten  thousand 
feet  above  sea  level,  wearing  their  caps  of  snow.  To  the  west,  flashing  in  the  sunlight 


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WALKER  BANK   BUILDING,    SALT  LAKE  CITY 


like  a  mighty  gem,  is  Great  Salt  Lake, 
more  than  eight  times  larger  than  the 
Dead  Sea  of  Palestine  and  with  water  so 
dense  that  the  human  body  cannot  sink 
in  it.  Many  islands,  which  are  the  tops 
of  submerged  mountains,  project  above 
its  surface  and  the  water  is  clear  and 
sparkling.  The  sunsets  across  the  lake 
are  most  beautiful  and  have  been  the 
inspiration  of  some  of  the  gems  of 
America's  greatest  artists. 

A  ride  through  the  city  does  not 
dispel  the  impression  gained  on  the 
heights  above.  The  streets  are  broad 
and  well  kept,  many  of  them  paved 
their  entire  length.  An  abundant  water 
supply  makes  it  possible  to  keep  the  sur- 
roundings of  all  dwellings  green  and 
masses  of  flowers  greet  the  eye.  Roses 
bloom  in  Salt  Lake  City  from  June 
until  November.  Many  of  the  streets  in 
the  residence  portions  are  parked  on  the 
sides  or  in  the  middle  and  all  are  shaded 
by  magnilicent  trees. 

The  business  portion  of  the  city  is 
paved  throughout  and  the  streets  are 
washed  daily,  so  that  no  dust  offends.  Streams  of  mountain  water  flow  in  the 
gutters  on  both  sides  of  the  street.  Splendid  buildings,  one  of  them  the  tallest  business 
structure  between  the  Missouri  river  and  the  Pacific  Coast,  are  on  the  principal  streets 
and  between  them  are  well  kept  business  blocks  with  attractive  shop  windows. 

This  is  the  city  itself.  But  Salt  Lake  City  is  only  part  of  the  glory  of  the  region. 
It  is  the  natural  center  from  which  one  goes  to  visit  some  of  the  choicest  parts  of  the 
continent.  It  is  here  that  the  tourist  should  come  on  his  way  to  visit  the  Yellowstone 
National  Park,  the  world's  wonderland.  In  the  rugged  stretches  of  San  Juan  county, 
Utah,  he  will  find  another  wonderland,  containing  the  world's  greatest  natural  bridges, 
one  of  which  has  an  arch  so  high  that  the  greatest  ship  that  ever  sailed  the  seas  could 
pass  beneath  it  without  dipping  the  pennant  on  its  topmast.  Here  also  the  tourist  would 
find  the  relics  of  the  Cliff  Dwellers,  who  passed  from  the  earth  centuries  ago,  and  he 
might  employ  himself  trying  to  trace  their  unknown  history  from  the  hieroglyphics  and 
utensils  left  behind.  On  his 
return  journey  he  could  visit 
the  Book  Cliffs,  where  the  storms 
of  ages  have  carved  from  the 
sandstone  temples,  minarets, 
castles  and  palaces  so  weird  and 
grotesque  as  to  defy  description. 
And  in  the  near  future, 
when  the  projected  railroad  has 
been  built  to  the  Grand  Canyon 
of  the  Colorado,  it  will  be  from 
Salt  Lake  City  that  the  traveler 
will  set  but  to  visit  this,  the  most 
wonderful  chasm  in  the  world, 
passing  en  route  through  fertile 
valleys,  majestic  mountains  and 
wide  stretches  of  upland.  FEDERAL  BUILDING,  SALT  LAKE  CITY 


CHILDREN'S  PLAYGROUND,  SALT  LAKE  CITY 


CHARACTER  OF  CITIZENSHIP 

Salt  Lake  City  has  an  interesting  history.  Its  pioneer  residents  labored  with  unusual 
difficulties  in  its  earlier  years.  Remote  from  other  civilized  communities  and  almost 
without  means  of  communication  with  them,  the  pioneers  were  compelled  to  create  for 
themselves  the  advantages  their  location  did  not  provide.  Thus  were  developed  build- 
ers, artists,  doctors,  nurses,  actors,  musicians,  at  the  command  of  necessity.  The 
existence  of  the  people  required  that  they  wring  sustenance  from  the  soil,  which  would 
not  yield  it  by  natural  means;  hence,  irrigation  was  practiced  from  the  first  by  the 
pioneers  in  Salt  Lake  City. 

Regardless  of  the  social  and  religious  conditions  that  existed  in  the  earlier  years, 
which  have  no  place  in  this  article,  no  one  familiar  with  the  early  history  of  the  city  can 
fail  to  appreciate  and  admire  the  sturdy  heroism  of  the  men  and  women  who  laid  the 
foundations  of  the  present  city  under  adverse  physical  conditions  probably  without  a 
parallel  in  the  history  of  the  American  frontier. 

The  descendents  of  the  pioneers,  who  constitute  part  of  the  population  of  the  city 
today,  retain  the  self-reliant  spirit  of  their  ancestors.  Associated  with  them  in  making 
up  the  citizenship  are  other  progressive  people  from  all  portions  of  the  United  States  and 
from  foreign  countries.  It  is  a  cosmopolitan  population,  persons  of  northern  European 
birth  or  descent  predominating.  The  non-Caucasian  races  have  very  small  representa- 
tion in  the  city  and  state,  and  Salt  Lake  City  has  no  "foreign  quarter." 

The  city's  population  is  stable.  Most  persons  who  come  here  seeking  a  new  home 
like  the  place  and  stay.  The  striking  feature  of  residence  property  improvement,  which 
always  causes  comment  from  visitors,  is  due  to  the  fact  that  an  unusually  large  proportion 
of  the  citizens  own  their  homes  and  take  a  natural  pride  in  making  them  as  attractive 
as  possible. 


SALT   LAKE   CITY   APARTMENT   BUILDINGS 

SCHOOLS,  CHURCHES  AND  CLUBS 

The  city  is  the  natural  educational,  social  and  religious  center  of  the  intermountain 
West.  The  state  of  Utah  has  the  smallest  percentage  of  illiteracy  of  any  state  in  the 
Union,  according  to  P.  P.  Claxton,  United  States  Commissioner  of  Education.  Salt 
Lake  City  clubs  and  club  buildings  are  among  the  best  in  the  country  and  the  city's 
religious  structures  in  number,  cost  and  beauty  probably  surpass  those  of  any  other  city 
of  similar  size  in  the  world. 

There  are  thirty-six  grammar  schools  in  the  city.  Annual  salaries  of  public  school 
teachers  of  the  city  amount  to  $550,000.  The  physical  property  of  the  city's  public 
schools  is  valued  at  $2,500,000,  and  the  yearly  per  capita  cost  for  pupils  is  slightly  more 
than  $38.  The  High  School  course  covers  four  years.  The  High  School  offers  technical 
training  in  mechanical  arts,  a  new  building  for  this  purpose  having  been  added  in  the  last 
year  at  a  cost  of  more  than  $100,000.  A  new  High  School  building,  costing  $700,000,  is 
now  in  course  of  construction  and  will  surpass  any  building  for  similar  purposes  between 
Chicago  and  the  Pacific  Coast. 

The  University  of  Utah  is  at  the  head  of  the  state's  school  system,  and  ranks  high 
among  western  educational  institutions.  In  addition  to  the  usual  university  courses,  it 
has  a  School  of  Mines  and  courses  in  law  and  medicine.  The  School  of  Mines  has  the 
unusual  advantage  of  being  in  the  heart  of  the  country's  greatest  metal  mining  area  and 
it  is  one  of  the  most  popular  mining  schools  in  the  country.  The  University  attracts 
pupils  from  all  over  the  West.  Its  present  enrollment  is  close  to  1,500. 

The  State  Agricultural  College,  supported  jointly  by  the  state  and  the  national 
government,  is  at  Logan.  It  maintains  several  experiment  stations,  in  addition  to 
practical  courses  in  agriculture  and  allied  sciences.  These  experiment  stations  are  of 
the  highest  practical  value  to  the  agricultural  and  live  stock  interests  of  the  state,  as 


10 


TEMPLE   SQUARE,   SALT   LAKE   CITY 

problems  are  worked  out  by  the  experts  of  the  college  and  results  furnished  free  of  charge 
to  citizens. 

There  are  several  fine  private  and  sectarian  schools  in  Salt  Lake  City.  The  Latter 
Day  Saints  University,  Westminster  College  and  All  Hallows  College  are  among  them. 
Rowland  Hall  and  St.  Mary's  Academy  are  noted  as  fine  institutions  for  the  higher 
education  of  girls. 

The  Telluride  Power  Company  maintains  a  unique  technical  school.  Tuition  is 
free  to  employes  of  the  company,  the  object  being  partly  philanthropic  and  partly  to 
give  the  company  highly  trained  electrical  employes.  Graduates  of  this  school  are  now 
holding  some  of  the  most  responsible  engineering  positions  in  the  United  States  and 
Canada. 

There  are  seventy-two  church  buildings  in  Salt  Lake  City.  Prominent  among 
them  are  the  Catholic  cathedral,  the  First  Presbyterian  church,  the  famous  Mormon 
Temple  and  Tabernacle  and  many  other  splendid  religious  edifices.  Almost  every 
religious  denomination  is  represented,  including  the  Adventist,  Baptist,  Catholic, 
Christian,  Congregational,  Episcopal,  Greek,  Hebrew,  Latter  Day  Saints,  Lutheran, 
Methodist,  Presbyterian,  Reorganized,  Scientist  and  Unitarian,  besides  several  other 
organizations  which  maintain  missions  and  church  activities. 

Among  the  handsome  club  buildings  of  the  city  are  those  of  the  Commercial  club, 
Alta  club,  University  club,  Elks'  club,  Y.  M.  C.  A.  and  the  Ladies'  Literary  club.  There 
are  several  women's  clubs  and  many  fraternal  organizations  to  add  to  the  social  life  of 
the  city.  There  are  more  halls  designed  for  amusement  and  social  purposes  than  in 
any  other  city  of  the  country,  population  considered. 

The  city's  public  charities  and  organized  institutions  for  the  relief  of  the  unfortunate 
are  so  efficient  that  there  is  practically  no  destitution  and  general  moral  conditions  are 
unusually  good. 


11 


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§i  f ' 


KEAKNS  BUILDING,  SALT  LAKE  CITY 


A  HEALTH  RESORT 

Many  things  combine  to  make  Salt 
Lake  City  a  health  resort.  In  common 
with  the  territory  contributory  to  it,  it 
enjoys  the  dry,  bracing  atmosphere  of 
the  arid  West.  Its  climate,  subject  to 
changes  of  temperature,  is  known  to 
meteorological  science  as  "continental 
climate,"  having  four  seasons  well 
marked,  and  a  temperature  known  as 
"sensible  temperature"  throughout  the 
year. 

According  to  the  observations  of 
the  local  weather  bureau,  covering  a 
period  of  35  years,  the  spring  tempera- 
ture averages  from  41.4  to  58.3  degrees 
Fahrenheit,  the  summer  from  68.3  to 
75.5,  the  autumn  from  65.1  to  41.4, 
while  the  winter  is  from  28.8  to  32.9. 
Although  zero  weather  is  sometimes 
recorded,  it  is  a  rare  occurrence,  and 
summer  temperature  seldom  passes  90 
degrees  Fahrenheit.  The  dryness  of  the 
atmosphere,  coupled  with  the  alternat- 
ing lake  and  canyon  breezes,  maintain  the  "sensible  temperature"  in  summer,  and 
the  lake,  with  the  shelter  of  the  mountains,  performs  a  like  service  in  keeping  it  up 
during  the  winter.  Spring  and  autumn  are  most  delightful.  The  altitude,  the  average 
being  4,360  feet  above  sea  level,  is  conducive  to  health,  and  coughs  and  colds  of  a 
severe  nature  are  rare.  It  is  said  by  eminent  physicians  that  the  combination  of 
mountain  and  salt-laden  air  renders  the  city  almost  immune  from  lung  troubles. 
The  atmosphere  seems  soothing  to  the  lungs,  its  tendency  being  to  add  vigor  to  all 
parts  of  the  body. 

The  city  is  the  center  of  several  medicinal  springs,  some  of  which  are  within  its 
limits,  that  have  a  wonderful  curative  effect  and  salt  baths  in  Great  Salt  Lake  make 
the  city  a  desirable  health  resort.  Many  health-seekers  now  come  to  Salt  Lake  City 
to  take  advantage  of  these  medicinal  baths. 

Salt  Lake  City  has  four  fine  public  hospitals  and  numerous  private  institutions,  all 
equipped  with  the  most  up-to-date  appliances  and  apparatus  and  attended  by  skillful 
physicians  and  surgeons. 


ART  AND  MUSIC 

There  is  an  inspiration  in 
the  mountains  that  always  ap- 
peals to  the  artistic  nature  of 
man.  Vast  ranges,  stretching 
away  to  interminable  distance 
until  their  misty  outlines  are 
lost  in  the  haze;  high- walled 
canyons,  down  which  the  stream- 
lets flash,  or  are  dashed  to  spray 
from  precipitous  heights;  upland 
lakes  that  reflect  inverted  images 
of  the  splendor  of  the  crags  and 
the  blue  sky;  sequestered,  flower- 


MASONIC  TEMPLE,  SALT  LAKE  CITY 


DRIVEWAY  AT   FORT  DOUGLAS,   NEAR  SALT  LAKE   CITY 

strewn  dells,  nestling  at  the  bases  of  snow-capped  peaks,  ever  have  and  ever  will  tempt 
the  brush  of  the  artist  to  reproduce  their  beauty.  Add  to  these  the  desert,  with  its 
weirdness  of  form  and  outline,  studded  with  the  fantastic  creations  of  the  winds  of 
centuries,  with  a  witchery  of  color  unknown  in  other  lands,  and  you  have  enough  to 
call  into  life  all  that  is  latent  in  the  artistic  temperament;  art  creations  follow  as 
naturally  as  night  follows  day. 

The  inspiring  scenery  of  the  mountains  and  plains  around  Salt  Lake  City  has 
produced  works  of  art  which  are  the  peers  of  any  created  in  modern  days  and,  as  an 
appreciation  of  art  must  be  present  to  keep  it  in  life,  the  metropolis  of  the  mountains 
has  drawn  to  it  all  that  is  best  in  the  art  of  the  country  and  has  become  the  center  of  the 
art  life  and  the  art  creation  of  the  West. 

The  state  government  nas  lent  its  patronage  to  art  in  the  creation  of  an  art  institute, 
where  the  best  works  of  the  artist  are  exhibited.  It  has  also,  by  purchase,  begun  an  art 
collection,  known  as  "The  Alice  Collection,"  which  is  not  only  of  great  merit  but  is 
unique  of  its  kind,  as  it  belongs  all  to  the  people.  This  has  had  its  effect  in  increasing 
the  appreciation  of  art,  as  well  as  creating  the  desire  to  possess,  which  has  given  support 
to  those  who  follow  art  as  a  profession. 

There  are  many  Salt  Lake  artists  whose  fame  has  become  national  and  whose  work 
compares  with  that  of  any  on  the  continent,  both  in  brush  and  chisel,  and  many  who 
drank  in  the  inspiration  of  the  mountains  and  left  for  wider  fields  in  which  to  follow  their 
calling.  All  of  these  find  deep  appreciation  at  home,  as  in  other  places  where  they 
chance  to  cast  their  lot. 

The  schools  of  the  city,  with  the  University  at  their  head,  have  placed  art  in  their 
curriculum  and  its  growth  among  the  people  has  become  marked  and  general. 

This  artistic  tendency  has  passed  beyond  the  bounds  of  local  creation  and  many 
collections  made  by  wealthy  citizens  contain  specimens  of  the  almost  priceless  works  of 
the  old  masters  as  well  as  some  of  the  best  works  of  the  modern  schools.  These  rival 
the  best  collections  in  the  land,  easily  leading  anything  of  the  character  in  the  West. 
Many  of  these  collections  are  thrown  open  to  the  public  at  stated  periods  and  have  their 
effect  in  bringing  about  a  general  artistic  uplift. 

Salt  Lake  City  has  long  led  the  entire  West  in  music.  A  reason  for  this  is  the 
presence  of  one  of  the  greatest  musical  organizations  on  the  continent,  the  famous 
Tabernacle  choir  of  five  hundred  picked  voices,  and  the  Tabernacle  organ,  which  is 


13 


14 


SOME   OF  SALT  LAKE  CITY'S   CHURCHES 


PAVILION  AT  SALTAIR  BEACH 

one  of  the  largest  instruments  in  the  world.  The  daily  organ  recitals  given  at  the 
Tabernacle  have  become  known  throughout  the  civilized  world  and  are  enjoyed  by 
thousands  of  visitors  every  year,  besides  aiding  in  advancing  all  that  is  best  in  music 
among  the  rank  and  file  of  the  people  at  home.  The  recitals  are  given  without  charge. 
Both  in  art  and  music,  the  city  has  produced  men  and  women  of  more  than  local 
reputation.  Besides  these,  there  are  many  composers  and  artists,  scarcely  lesser  in 
degree  of  talent,  who  either  reside  in  the  city  or  have  caught  their  inspiration  in  the 
artistic  and  musical  atmosphere  that  pervades  it. 

AMUSEMENTS 

The  founders  of  Salt  Lake  City  took  into  consideration  the  remoteness  of  its  situa- 
tion at  the  time  they  reached  the  valley  and,  with  foresight  and  wisdom,  set  about  to 
provide  amusement  for  the  people.  One  of  the  first  public  buildings  of  the  city  was 
an  amusement  hall,  to  be  followed  later  by  a  theater  which  still  stands  after  fifty  years 
and  ranks  with  the  most  commodious  of  the  country  at  the  present  time.  Great  figures 
in  the  amusement  world  were  attracted  by  the  offer  of  rich  rewards  and  came  from  the 
East.  Even  before  the  city  was  connected  by  rail  with  the  outside  world,  Salt  Lake  City 
was  established  as  an  amusement  center.  The  center,  created  then,  remains  today, 
keeping  pace  with  the  city's  development  in  a  business  way. 

The  progress  from  the  little  amusement  hall  of  the  early  days  to  five  large  theaters 
of  the  first  class  and  twelve  others,  with  a  total  seating  capacity  of  more  than  eight 
thousand,  shows  the  development  of  the  city  along  amusement  lines. 

Some  of  the  leading  figures  on  the  American  stage  own  Salt  Lake  City  as  their  home 
and  many  laid  the  foundations  of  their  success  here. 

The  city  is  prominent  in  an  amusement  way  along  lines  other  than  theatrical. 
Several  summer  resorts  near  the  city  rival  those  of  cities  four  or  five  times  greater  than 
Salt  Lake  City  in  population.  Best  known  of  these  is  Saltair,  the  great  bathing  resort 
on  the  lake,  connected  with  the  city  by  a  railroad  soon  to  be  electrified  and  by  a  splendid 
automobile  highway.  The  pavilion  at  Saltair  has  one  of  the  largest  unobstructed  dancing 
floors  in  the  world.  As  many  as  20,000  persons  have  visited  the  resort  in  a  single  day. 

Lagoon,  north  of  the  city,  and  Wandamere,  just  at  the  southern  edge  of  the  city,  are 
popular  resorts.  In  addition  to  these,  there  are  several  fine  public  parks  in  the  city  and 
nearby  mountain  resorts  patronized  by  persons  from  all  over  the  intermountain  country 
as  well  as  by  residents  of  Salt  Lake  City. 

The  city  is  active  and  prominent  in  athletics  and  clean  sport  finds  ready  and 
constant  patronage. 


15 


SALT  LAKE  CITY'S  EDUCATIONAL  ADVANTAGES  ARE  EXCELLENT.       SOME  OF  THE  SCHOOL  BUILDINGS 


16 


VIEW   ON   EAST   SOUTH   TEMPLE   STREET,   SALT   LAKE   CITY 

FORT  DOUGLAS 

Fort  Douglas,  now  a  regimental  post,  is  three  miles  east  of  the  city  on  a  bench 
overlooking  the  valley.  The  fort  was  rebuilt  recently  and  it  is  hoped  that  it  will  soon 
be  made  a  brigade  post.  Conditions  favor  this,  as  the  location  is  strategic,  the  water 
supply  ample  for  5,000  men  and  the  post  reservation,  containing  10,000  acres,  is  well 
suited  to  army  maneuvers.  The  post  is  well  improved,  with  broad,  shady  avenues, 
and  is  frequently  visited  by  residents  of  Salt  Lake  City  as  well  as  others  who  desire  to 
enjoy  the  splendid  view  of  the  valley  which  may  be  had  from  the  fort. 

GROWTH  AND  IMPROVEMENT 

The  growth  of  Salt  Lake  City  has  been  in  proportion  to  the  growth  of  the  country 
surrounding  it.  The  United  States  census  of  1900  gave  the  city  a  population  of  53,531 
and  that  of  1910  placed  it  at  92,777,  an  average  yearly  increase  of  4,000  in  the  decade. 
The  improvements  made  in  these  ten  years  will  give  an  idea  of  the  development  of  the 
city  and,  as  the  development  is  being  maintained,  will  indicate  what  may  reasonably  be 
expected  in  the  future. 

There  has  been  no  boom  in  this  period.  The  growth  has  been  caused  by  the 
development  of  the  surrounding  country  and  an  increasing  knowledge  of  the  city's 
desirability  as  a  place  of  residence.  More  land  was  reclaimed  in  this  decade  in  Utah 
and  southern  Idaho  than  in  any  previous  decade,  and  this  had  a  direct  bearing  on  the 
population  of  the  region's  metropolis.  It  was  also  the  greatest  decade  in  private  and 
public  improvement  in  the  city  itself.  The  character  of  the  city  practically  changed; 
old  buildings  which  had  served  their  purpose  were  removed  and  replaced  by  new  ones. 
Street  and  park  improvements  were  made  at  an  ever  increasing  rate.  It  was  an  era  of 
hotel  building.  With  the  new  Hotel  Utah  completed,  another  great  hotel  under  con- 
struction and  with  many  other  new  but  less  pretentious  hotels,  the  city  is  well  equipped 
to  handle  any  convention  that  may  come  as  well  as  the  regular  transient  traffic. 

Mercantile  institutions  quickly  felt  the  trade  expansion  and  met  it  with  enlarged 
quarters  and  increased  facilities,  the  result  being  the  construction  of  many  splendid 
business  buildings.  The  business  district  expanded  until  now  much  territory  that  was 
residence  property  only  a  few  years  ago  is  exclusively  business  property,  and  the  whole 
city  has  assumed  a  decidedly  metropolitan  aspect. 


17 


CITY  AND   COUNTY   BUILDING,    SALT   LAKE   CITY,    A   NOTABLE   PUBLIC   STRUCTURE 

TRADE  AND  TERRITORY 

Draw  a  circle  with  a  radius  of  three  hundred  miles  and  Salt  Lake  City  as  the  center 
and  you  will  have  the  territory  naturally  tributary  to  the  city.  This  circle  will  take 
in  all  of  Utah,  most  of  Idaho,  the  eastern  portion  of  Nevada,  the  northern  portion  of 
Arizona  the  western  portion  of  Colorado  and  the  western  portion  of  Wyoming.  Now, 
consider  that  this  area  is  equal  to  that  of  the  British  Isles  and  Germany  combined,  one- 
third  larger  than  all  Scandinavia  and  equal  to  the  combined  area  of  the  New  England 
states  and  the  other  Atlantic  seaboard  states  north  of  South  Carolina. 


LAKE   AT  WANDAMERE,   A  POPULAR   SALT   LAKE   CITY   RESORT 


IjjBjjBUB 


SALT   LAKE   CITY   HAS   MANY   FINE   CLUB   BUILDINGS 


Although  much  of  this  territory  is  taken  up  with  mountain  ranges,  it  contains 
60,000,000  acres  of  tillable  land.  Of  this  land  2,000,000  acres  are  either  under  irrigation 
or  capable  of  being  irrigated. 

The  agricultural  products  of  this  area  are  the  most  varied  on  the  American  continent. 
The  upland  stretches  not  susceptible  to  cultivation  contain  immense  grazing  districts 
supporting  hundreds  of  thousands  of  cattle,  sheep  and  horses  and  great  forests  of  pine, 
spruce,  cedar  and  other  useful  timber.  Almost  every  known  mineral  is  found  in  quantity 
in  this  territory.  It  contains  deposits  of  practically  all  the  known  hydrocarbons.  Its 
coal  measures  are  so  vast  that,  if  the  present  rate  of  taking  up  these  lands  should  continue, 
it  would  be  five  hundred  years  before  the  last  filing  was  made.  The  United  States 
Geological  Survey  estimates  that  one  county  in  the  state  of  Utah  contains  a  coal  tonnage 
equal  to  the  total  coal  tonnage  of  the  state  of  Pennsylvania  and  another  county  has  the 
greatest  known  deposit  of  iron. 

Topography,  distance  and  transportation  facilities  make  Salt  Lake  City  the  natural 
center  of  all  this  territory,  an  advantage  it  will  always  have. 

Railroad  lines  radiate  from  the  city  in  every  direction  and  more  lines  are  to  be 
completed  in  the  near  future.  The  railroad  tonnage  out  of  the  city  in  1911  was  656,- 
400,000  pounds,  not  including  the  business  handled  through  the  city  from  other  points 
for  local  delivery. 

The  city's  trade  for  1911  in  mining  machinery  and  supplies  alone  is  estimated  at 
$7,500,000,  one  firm  of  several  having  headquarters  here  supplying  $1,740,000.  The 
distributing  houses  handling  agricultural  implements  and  vehicles  report  an  outside 
business  for  the  year  of  $3,500,000.  This  trade  is  increasing  rapidly,  due  to  the  agri- 
cultural development  of  the  surrounding  region.  One  saddlery  firm  made  sales  to 
outside  points  in  1911  of  $500,000.  Three  houses  report  a  jobbing  trade  in  shelf  and 
building  hardware  of  $5,500,000.  One  firm  made  outside  sales  in  sporting  goods  of 


19 


$503,000,  the  total  for  the  city  being  estimated  at  $1,500,000.  The  dry  goods  and 
grocery  trade  for  1911  reached  a  total  of  $15,000,000,  one  firm  alone  handling  $4,000,000. 
Another  firm  reports  an  outside  jobbing  trade  in  these  lines  of  $2,500,000.  These  figures 
do  not  take  in  the  goods  sold  by  outside  firms  maintaining  agencies  in  the  city  and  using 
this  as  a  distributing  center.  In  bottled  goods,  sixty  per  cent  of  which  was  manufactured 
in  the  city,  the  outside  trade  amounted  to  more  than  $2,000,000.  In  other  manu- 
factured articles,  the  outside  trade  was  estimated  at  $5,000,000.  Add  to  this  the  esti- 
mated value  of  animals  and  agricultural  products,  flour  and  other  commodities  not 
mentioned  previously,  and  a  grand  total  of  more  than  $60,000,000  is  reached. 

With  the  population  increasing  rapidly;  with  the  completion  of  many  great  irrigation 
projects  now  under  way  and  intensive  agriculture  becoming  more  prevalent;  with  the 
assurance  of  success  for  "dry  farming"  by  scientific  methods,  it  must  follow  that  the  next 
decade  will  witness  an  enormous  increase  in  this  trade.  When  it  is  considered  that  the 
territory  is  capable  of  supporting  twenty  times  the  population  it  now  has  without  "crowd- 
ing," it  is  easy  to  see  that  the  city  is  firmly  established  as  a  distributing  center  and  that 
its  growth  must  be  rapid  and  sure. 

AGRICULTURE  OF  REGION 

The  soils  of  Utah  and  adjoining  states  are  most  fertile.  They  vary  in  depth,  but 
average  between  ten  feet  and  twenty  feet.  As  the  rainfall  of  the  region  is  not  sufficient 
to  drain  through  the  soil,  its  fertility  has  been  conserved  for  ages,  making  the  subsoil 
as  rich  as  the  surface  in  all  the  elements  of  plant  food,  thus  providing  a  reserve  fertility 
that  renders  it  practically  inexhaustible. 

The  crops  these  soils  are  capable  of  producing  are  diversified  by  the  climatic  con- 
ditions of  the  different  localities,  ranging  from  cotton  in  southern  Utah  to  the  hardier 
grains  and  grasses  in  the  north  and  from  semi-tropical  fruits  in  the  sheltered  valleys  to 
the  fruits  of  the  north  temperate  zone.  In  all  localities  fruits,  grains  and  forage  plants 
grow  to  best  advantage  where  local  conditions  are  studied  by  the  husbandman  and  the 
proper  methods  of  culture  employed.  The  soils  lack  nothing  except  moisture.  This  is 
supplied,  either  by  irrigation  or  by  scientific  methods  of  moisture  conservation,  com- 
monly known  as  "dry  farming." 

The  territory  tributary  to  Salt  Lake  City  contains  90,000,000  acres  adapted  to  graz- 
ing, of  which  slightly  more  than  one-third  is  in  forest  reserves  and  subject  to  Government 
supervision.  The  estimated  value  of  range  animals  grazing  on  these  lands  at  the  begin- 
ning of  1912  was,  according  to  figures  supplied  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture, 
$105,000,000.  The  raising  of  farm  animals  is  becoming  a  profitable  industry,  as  all 
forage  plants  grow  to  great  excellence  in  the  deep,  fertile  soil  of  the  country  and  climatic 
conditions  over  most  of  the  territory  render  unnecessary  heavy  winter  feeding. 


TWELFTH  EAST  STREET,  SALT  LAKE  CITY,  SHOWING  PLAN  OF  PARKING  ON  RESIDENCE  STREETS 


20 


FOUR   OF   SALT   LAKE  S   HOSPITALS 

Of  the  two  great  divisions  of  land  culture,  3,500,000  acres  are  farmed  by  irrigation, 
and  about  500,000  acres  by  dry  farming.  The  amount  that  may  be  irrigated  is  limited 
only  by  the  water  supply  available.  It  will  be  increased  by  improved  methods  of  farming 
and  the  utilization  of  water  that  has  heretofore  been  wasted  through  over-irrigation. 
Water  from  artesian  wells  has  come  into  extensive  use  in  recent  years.  Prospecting  is 
constantly  under  way  for  the  further  development  of  these  underground  sources  of  supply 
and  has  demonstrated  that  a  great  portion  of  the  desert  lands  are  underlaid  with  water 
that  may  be  made  available  for  irrigation. 

The  future  of  dry  farming  in  Utah  is  assured.  Figures  prepared  by  the  office  of 
the  state  statistician  show  that  three-sevenths  of  the  wheat  of  the  state  of  Utah  is  pro- 
duced by  this  method  of  cultivation.  This  proportion  is  probably  too  great  to  apply 
to  the  rest  of  the  territory  surrounding  Salt  Lake  City,  but  with  the  development  of 
drought-resisting  grains  and  grasses  and  greater  knowledge  along  the  lines  of  moisture 
conservation,  there  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  most  of  the  area  designated  as  agri- 
cultural lands  will  be  brought  under  successful  cultivation. 

A  few  figures  for  less  than  one-tenth  of  this  area  may  be  interesting.  The  territory 
produced  in  grains  and  seeds,  including  sugar  beets,  a  yield  valued  as  about  $60,000,000 
in  IQII.  The  hay  crop  in  the  same  year  reached  a  value  of  $20,000,000.  The  orchards 
produced  $4,000,000,  and  this  does  not  include  the  small  fruits. 

The  fruit  industry  of  Utah  is  increasing  rapidly,  almost  a  million  trees  having  been 
set  out  in  1912.  Dairy  products  for  Utah  in  1909  and  1910,  the  latest  authentic  figures 
available,  reached  a  value  of  $5,000,000.  Estimates  place  the  value  in  1912  at  a  million 
more.  It  is  safe  to  say  that  a  valuation  of  $10,000,000  for  dairy  products  in  the  entire 
territory  would  not  be  high.  The  sheep  of  the  territory  produced  90,000,000  pounds  of 
wool.  Exact  figures  on  meat  products  are  not  available,  but  a  conservative  estimate  is 
$10,000,000. 


21 


STOCK  AND  MINING  EXCHANGE,  SALT  LAKE  CITY 


MINING  AND  SMELTING 

If  all  the  agricultural  lands 
con  tributary  to  Salt  Lake  City 
and  all  the  surrounding  live 
stock  ranges  were  unproductive, 
the  city  would  still  be  a  most 
important  center  on  account  of 
the  great  mining  country  that 
surrounds  it  and  the  enormous 
traffic  due  to  its  smelting  in- 
dustry. 

With  the  greater  portion  of 
its  mining  territory  undeveloped 
the  mines  of  the  region  produced 
gold,  silver,  copper,  lead  and  zinc 
ores  to  the  value  of  more  than 
$87,500,000  in  1911  and  the 
entire  value  of  its  mineral  pro- 
duction, including  coal  and  other  hydrocarbons,  amounted  to  $103,500,000.  The 
state  of  Utah,  according  to  government  reports,  contributed  $40,460,000  of  this. 

The  tonnage  of  precious  and  semi-precious  ores  amounted  to  11,850,000  for  1911,  an 
increase  of  more  than  2,000,000  tons  over  the  year  1910.  Copper  furnished  the  largest 
item  with  an  output  of  196,556,000  pounds  of  refined  copper,  of  which  Utah  contributed 
125,185,000  pounds. 

Almost  within  sight  of  the  city  is  the  mining  camp  of  Bingham,  home  of  the  world's 
greatest  copper  mine,  the  Utah  Copper,  and  many  other  heavy  producers.  The  Utah 
Copper  mine's  output  for  1911  was  90,000,000  pounds  of  refined  copper. 

Park  City,  about  thirty  miles  east  of  Salt  Lake  City,  is  one  of  the  greatest  silver-lead 
mining  camps  of  the  country.  Here  are  located  many  mines,  almost  any  one  of  which 
would  make  a  district  famous.  The  noted  old  Ontario  mine,  which  has  paid  $13,932,500 
in  dividends,  holds  the  record  for  the  district,  with  the  Silver  King  second,  and  almost 
as  great. 

The  camp  of  Alta,  a  little  south  of  Park  City,  has  a  long  list  of  producers  to  its 
credit  and  is  still  making  mining  history,  while  Tintic,  to  the  south  of  Salt  Lake  City, 
is  annually  pouring  out  millions  in  metallic  wealth. 

Within  a  hundred  miles  of  Salt  Lake  City  are  mines  that  have  paid  $8,973,000  in 
dividends  in  the  last  year. 

The  mines  of  southern  and 
eastern  Nevada  have  been  devel- 
oped almost  exclusively  from 
Salt  Lake  City  and  Salt  Lake 
City's  development  field  extends 
over  into  California  anu  down 
into  Arizona.  From  Pioche  on 
the  south  to  Tonopah,  in  Raw- 
hide, Seven  Troughs,  Yerington 
and  a  dozen  other  well-known 
Nevada  camps,  almost  all  the 
companies  holding  the  big  pro- 
ducers have  their  homes  in  Salt 
Lake  City  and  many  of  the 
mines  were  discovered  by  Utah 
prospectors.  The  same  may  be 
said  of  many  of  the  mines  of 
Idaho.  KEARNS  ST.  ANN'S  ORPHANAGE,  SALT  LAKE  CITY 


32 


THE   GROWING   OF   ALFALFA   IS   ONE   OF   UTAH'S   IMPORTANT   INDUSTRIES 

The  iron  deposits  of  the  state  may  be  said  to  be  wholly  undeveloped.  Much  of  the 
iron  land  is  held  by  the  Government  and  is  not  yet  surveyed.  Iron  county,  Utah,  alone 
has  the  greatest  deposits  of  iron  ore  known  in  a  similar  area  of  the  United  States,  the 
potential  tonnage  running  into  the  billions  of  tons.  There  are  other  deposits  that  almost 
equal  those  of  Iron  county,  many  of  them  lying  distant  from  the  railroads,  but  containing 
iron  sufficient  to  supply  the  world  for  centuries. 

Salt  Lake  City  is  surrounded  by  vast  coal  measures.  According  to  estimates  made 
by  the  officers  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  the  United  States,  there  are  more  than  33,000 
square  miles  of  coal  lands  in  the  territory  contributary  to  the  city,  the  total  tonnage  of 
which  is  estimated  at  more  than  300,000,000,000  tons.  These  figures  are  staggering,  as, 
at  the  present  rate  of  consumption,  this  amount  would  be  sufficient  to  supply  the  entire 
country  for  almost  1,400  years. 

Only  a  small  portion  of  these  fields  has  been  developed,  but  the  value  of  the 
coal  output  in  1911  was  $15,000,000.  Many 
of  these  deposits  are  so  pure  chemically  that 
they  are  the  equal  of  any  other  coal  on  the 
continent  for  the  manufacture  of  iron  and 
steel  products. 

Almost  all  the  deposits  of  hydrocarbons 
in  the  region,  except  coal  and  petroleum, 
lie  in  eastern  Utah.  They  include  gilso- 
nite,  tabbyite,  ozokerite,  lusterite,  elaterite, 
rock  asphalt  and  kindred  minerals.  Great 
deposits  of  sand  and  lime  asphaltum  are 
found  in  the  same  locality,  few  of  which 
have  been  developed.  The  known  petroleum 
territory  amounts  to  10,000  square  miles. 
These  deposits  have  been  developed  only 
sufficiently  to  prove  their  oil-bearing  char- 
acter, as  they  are  at  present  comparatively 
remote  from  lines  of  transportation. 

Salt  leads  the  non-metallic  deposits.  The 
Great  Salt  Lake  is  itself  a  mine  of  wealth 
in  salt.  It  has  been  estimated  that  the 
mineral  wealth  contained  in  tfie  waters  of 
the  lake,  if  extracted  (and  the  process  of 
extraction  is  very  simple)  and  marketed  at  A  YOUNG  JEWISH  COLONIST  ox  HIS  UTAH  FARM 


23 


THE   WORLD  S   GR 


The 


Tie  Utah  Copper  Mine  is  at  Bingham,  about  thirty  miles  from  Salt  Lake  City.  The  ore  is  loaded  by  means  of  steam  shovels,  twenty-two  of 
shows  the  "terrace"  process  by  which  the  mountain  is  being  removed.  A  railroad  track  occupies  each  terrace,  being  moved  from  time  to  t 
directly  from  this  mine.  The  ore,  after  having  been  placed  on  railroad  cars  by  the  steam  shovels,  is  hauled  across  the  mountains  at  the  right 

prevailing  prices,  would  be  sufficient  to  pay  the  national  debt  and  the  expenses  of  the 
Government  for  a  hundred  years  besides.  The  great  salt  beds  of  western  Utah,  too, 
might  add  their  apparently  inexhaustible  quota  to  the  supply  from  the  lake,  forming 
a  resource  capable  of  producing  unlimited  wealth.  On  the  islands  of  Great  Salt  Lake 
are  great  deposits  of  guano,  while  gypsum  is  found  all  over  the  territory. 

There  are  many  deposits  of  kaolin,  or  china  clay,  in  Utah.  One  vast  deposit  near 
Salt  Lake  City  is  more  nearly  chemically  pure  than  that  of  Sevres,  France,  and  is  capable 
of  producing  a  tonnage  greater  than  all  the  mines  of  France  combined.  Pure  silica 
sands  are  plentiful  in  the  region  around  the  city  and  are  capable  of  being  manufactured 
into  the  finest  grades  of  glass. 

In  building  stone,  the  range  is  from  high-grade  sandstone  to  onyx  and  marble, 
and  sapphires,  opals  and  other  gems  have  also  been  found. 

The  smelting  industry  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Salt  Lake  City  has  had  a  great 
and  steady  growth.     From  the  small  silver  lead  plants  in  the  valley,  costing  less  than 
$500,000,  the  industry  has  grown  in  fifteen  years  to  six  great  plants  which,  with  their 
reduction   plants,   represent   an 
investment  of  more  than  $20,- 
000,000.   These  plants  are  those 
of    the    American    Smelting   & 
Refining    Company  at   Murray 
and    Gar  field,   of   the    Interna- 
tional   Company  at  Tooele,  of 
the  United  States  Company  at 
Midvale  and  of  the  Utah  Con- 
solidated    Company    and     the 
Yampa  Company  at  Bingham. 


Other  smelting  plants  of  the 
state  are  the  Independent  at 
Ogden  and  the  Knight  at  Silver 
City.  The  total  capacity  of  the 
smelters  is  20,000  tons  daily. 

VIEW  OF   SALT  LAKE   CITY'S   BUSINESS   DIS1 


tST   COPPER  MINE 

h  are  operated  simultaneously.  The  picture,  taken  when  no  shift  was  at  work  so  that  the  smoke  of  the  blasting  would  not  obscure  the  view, 
•5  the  work  progresses.  The  operations  here  have  been  compared  with  those  on  the  Panama  Canal.  Ten  thousand  men  gain  their  livelihood 
E  picture  to  the  reduction  plants  at  Garfield,  a  few  miles  distant.  The  mine  sent  12,824  tons  of  ore  to  the  reduction  plants  each  day  of  1911 

Bingham  is  first  in  tonnage  handled,  owing  to  the  great  deposits  of  low-grade  ore. 
The  annual  tonnage  of  copper  ore  at  that  camp  is  5,500,000  out  of  a  total  of  about  7,000,- 
ooo  treated  in  the  state. 

The  Salt  Lake  smelters  lead  all  others  in  efficiency  and  in  the  saving  of  the  metallic 
values  of  the  ores  treated.  In  the  newest  plant,  that  of  the  International  Smelting  & 
Refining  Company  at  Tooele,  there  is  no  improvement  in  the  smelting  of  ores  that  has 
been  overlooked  and  it  is  regarded  as  a  model  plant. 

The  local  smelters  treat  all  the  Utah  ores  and,  in  addition,  draw  heavily  from 
adjoining  states.  The  presence  of  competing  plants  has  broadened  the  ore  market  of 
the  state  until  it  leads  all  others.  This,  with  the  fact  that  deep  mining  in  Utah  has  led 
to  the  almost  exclusive  production  of  sulphide  ores,  calling  for  a  tonnage  of  carbonate 
ores  for  flux,  has  led  to  the  opening  of  mining  fields  that  never  before  had  been  drawn 
upon  to  any  considerable  extent.  As  a  result  of  this  condition,  ores  have  been  shipped 
to  the  Salt  Lake  smelters  from  all  over  the  mountain  region. 

The  metallic  output  of  the  Salt  Lake  smelters  for  the  past  year  was: 

Gold,  227,856  fine  ounces; 
value  $4,709,747. 

Silver,  12,679,632  fine  ounces; 
value  $6,973,000. 

Copper,  140,293,198  pounds; 
value  $17,696,155. 

Lead,  136,496,750  pounds; 
value  $6,142,353. 

Zinc,  11,456,973  pounds; 
value  $798,456. 

This  makes  a  total  valuation 
for  1911  of  $36,319,711. 

The  reduction  plants  are  oper- 
ated in  connection  with  the 
smelters  of  the  state.  Two  of 
these  plants,  operated  by  the 

SHOWING   SOME    OF   THE   NEW   BUILDINGS 


A  FEW   OF   SALT  LAKE   CITY'S   BEAUTIFUL  HOMES 

Utah  Copper  Company  at  Garfield,  treated  12,824  tons  daily  throughout  the  year  1911, 
and  are  prepared  to  handle  20,000  tons  daily  when  run  to  their  full  capacity.  Besides 
these,  the  Daly  West  and  Silver  King  mines  at  Park  City  handle  the  concentrating  ores 
of  these  great  mines  as  well  as  other  ores  of  the  district.  The  Newhouse  mill  at  New- 
house  has  a  capacity  of  5,000  tons  daily.  The  Golden  Gate,  the  Sacramento  and  the 
Boston-Sunshine  plants  at  Mercur  use  the  cyanide  gold  process  exclusively. 

Salt  Lake  City  is  increasing  in  importance  as  an  ore  market  every  year.  It  leads  in 
the  handling  of  pyritic  ores,  and  the  increase  from  1,700,000  tons  in  1904  to  about 
7,000,000  tons  in  1911,  is  without  a  parallel  in  the  history  of  ore  reduction. 

MANUFACTURES 

Salt  Lake  City  has  built  up  a  considerable  manufacturing  industry  as  a  result  of  its 
position  as  a  distributing  center  and  its  other  natural  advantages.  This  field  offers 
great  opportunities. 

Figures  compiled  by  the  secretary  of  the  Manufacturers  Association  of  Utah  show 
there  are  781  manufacturing  plants  in  the  state,  fully  one-half  of  which  are  in  or  near 
Salt  Lake  City.  These  factories  produced  in  1911,  goods  valued  at  $66,432,000,  gave 
employment  to  14,629  persons  and  paid  in  wages  $11,814,000.  The  cost  of  raw  materials 
used  was  $43,911,000.  These  figures  are  exclusive  of  the  smelting  plants. 

The  products  of  the  state's  factories  range  from  mining  machinery  and  structural 
steel  to  knitted  fabrics  and  include  sugar,  salt,  fire  clay,  portland  cement,  candy,  choco- 
late, canned  and  pickled  goods.  Some  of  these  products,  on  account  of  their  fine  quality, 
find  markets  far  removed  from  home,  Utah  canned  and  bottled  goods  being  in  constant 
demand  in  many  eastern  cities. 

A  list  of  factories  that  would  be  assured  of  success,  with  raw  materials  readily 


SALT   LAKE   CITY   THEATRES 

available,  is  given  by  Secretary  D.  F.  Collett  of  the  Manufacturers  Association  of  Utah 
as  follows: 

Steel  roller  mills — Vast  iron  and  coal  deposits  near  at  hand. 

Woolen  mills — Only  one  now  in  operation  in  the  state;  Utah's  wool  clip  amounts  to 
22,500,000  pounds  annually. 

Glass  factory — Mountains  of  silica,  98%  pure,  close  in. 

Paper  mills — Millions  of  cords  of  pulp  woods;  no  mills. 

Graphite  mills — Vast  deposits,  90%  pure;  close  in. 

Tanneries — Only  one  in  the  state. 

Shoe  factories — Only  one  in  the  state ;  heavy  and  steady  demand. 

Shoe  blacking  and  stove  polish — Raw  materials  in  enormous  quantity  close  at  hand. 

Match  factory — Constantly  growing  demand ;  all  raw  materials  here. 

Vitrified  brick — Great  deposits  of  silica  and  other  materials  close  in;  steady  demand. 

Opalescent  brick — All  raw  materials  close  in;  steady  demand. 

Cement — Great  deposits  close  at  hand. 

Canneries  (southern  portion  of  state) — Much  fruit  going  to  waste. 

Pottery — Mountains  of  purest  white  and  tinted  kaolin  close  in. 

These  are  only  a  few  of  the  openings  for  manufacturing  plants. 

FINANCIAL  OPERATIONS 

Salt  Lake  City  is  the  only  reserve  city  for  banking  institutions  in  the  territory  con- 
tributory to  it.  This,  of  itself,  would  constitute  the  city  a  financial  center,  but  it  de- 
serves the  title  for  other  good  reasons. 

Most  of  the  mining  operations  of  the  intermountain  West  are  directed  from  Salt 
Lake  City,  as  well  as  irrigation  and  other  enterprises  for  which  large  amounts  of  capital 


27 


SALT  LAKE  CITY  HAS  THE  FINEST  HOTELS  IN  THE  MOUNTAIN  REGION 


28 


•I 


UNION   STATION,   OREGON   SHORT   LINE   AND   SALT   LAKE   ROUTE,   SALT   LAKE   CITY 

are  required.  More  than  3,000  large  corporations  have  their  center  of  operations  here. 
From  the  sworn  statements  of  companies  having  an  annual  income  of  $5,000  or  more, 
these  corporations  had  an  income  of  $13,574,887  in  1911.  The  amount  of  the  incomes 
of  the  smaller  corporations  would  increase  this  materially. 

The  city  has  twelve  banking  institutions,  with  an  aggregate  capital  and  surplus  of 
about  six  and  one-half  millions  of  dollars,  and  two  more  banks  are  in  process  of  organ- 
ization. The  bank  clearings  in  1911  amounted  to  $330,425,000. 

The  Salt  Lake  Mining  Exchange  fixes  the  value  of  mining  stocks  all  over  the  inter- 
mountain  country,  including  in  this  the  greater  portion  of  Idaho  and  Nevada. 

Insurance,  life  and  fire,  in  force  in  Salt  Lake  City  at  the  end  of  the  year  1911, 
amounted  to  more  than  $100,000,000.  Utah  companies,  with  general  offices  in  Salt 
Lake  City,  wrote  more  than  $8,000,000  of  this.  It  is  estimated  that  two-thirds  of  all 
the  business  written  in  the  territory  centers  in  Salt  Lake  City. 

RAILROADS 

Salt  Lake  City  has  six  great  railroad  lines,  the  Oregon  Short  Line,  the  Denver  & 
Rio  Grande,  the  Union  Pacific,  the  Western  Pacific,  the  Southern  Pacific  and  the  San 
Pedro,  Los  Angeles  &  Salt  Lake.  It  is  the  junction  point  for  four  of  these  lines. 

The  Oregon  Short  Line  connects  the  city  with  the  north  and  northwest.  It  strikes 
the  rich  agricultural  regions  of  Idaho  and  eastern  Oregon  and  the  mining  camps  of  Idaho 
and  Montana.  It  is  the  only  line  that  enters  the  famous  Yellowstone  National  Park 
from  the  south. 

The  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  connects  Salt  Lake  City  with  Colorado  and  the  East  and 
taps  the  great  coal  belt  and  other  mineral  bearing  zones  of  eastern  Utah.  It  passes 
through  a  country  unrivaled  for  scenic  grandeur,  as  well  as  forming  a  line  in  one  of  the 
great  transcontinental  arteries  of  commerce.  The  Western  Pacific  completes  this  link 
to  the  Pacific  Coast.  It  traverses  a  great  region  whose  possibilities  have  scarcely  been 
touched.  It  is  built  for  miles  in  Utah  on  a  bed  of  solid  salt,  which  covers  an  area  nine 
miles  by  thirty  miles,  and  has  an  average  depth  of  ten  feet. 

The  San  Pedro,  Los  Angeles  &  Salt  Lake,  "The  Salt  Lake  Route,"  connects  the 
city  with  southern  California.  It  reaches  the  rich  mineral  and  agricultural  portions  of 
southern  Utah,  southern  Nevada  and  northern  Arizona,  besides  being  the  outlet  for  one 
of  the  greatest  wool-producing  regions  of  the  country. 

The  Union  Pacific,  in  connection  with  the  Southern  Pacific,  was  the  first  trans- 
continental line — the  first  to.reach  beyond  the  Missouri  and  actually  cross  the  "backbone 
of  the  continent"  to  the  Pacific.  The  Union  Pacific  connects  Salt  Lake  City  with 
Wyoming  and  the  East  and  the  Southern  Pacific  affords  connection  with  the  Pacific 


29 


VIEW   OF   OGDEN,   UTAH'S   SECOND   CITY 

Coast,  traversing  northern  Utah  and  Nevada.  The  Southern  Pacific  crosses  Great 
Salt  Lake  in  Utah  on  a  trestle,  a  unique  and  world  famous  piece  of  railroad  engineering. 

Other  lines  of  importance  are  projected  for  Salt  Lake  City,  one  of  which,  the  Moffatt 
line,  has  already  been  built  a  considerable  distance  westward  from  Denver.  This  line, 
when  completed,  will  open  the  great  hydrocarbon  fields  of  eastern  Utah  and  an  agri- 
cultural area  constituting  one-third  of  the  state. 

The  Salt  Lake  &  Ogden  railroad  and  the  Ogden  Rapid  Transit  systems  give  Salt 
Lake  City  connection  by  electric  railway  with  Brigham  City  on  the  north  and  with 
intermediate  points.  Work  has  begun  on  another  electric  railway  system  to  connect 
the  city  with  the  rich  Utah  valley  on  the  south.  Owing  to  the  abundance  of  water  power, 
electric  transportation  furnishes  an  attractive  field  for  development  and  several  addi- 
tional lines  are  under  consideration. 

E.  H.  Harriman  once  expressed  his  conviction  that  Salt  Lake  City  would  become 
one  of  five  great  railroad  and  commercial  centers  of  the  United  States.  Present  con- 
ditions and  future  expectation  indicate  that  in  this,  as  in  many  other  instances,  his 
judgment  was  good. 

THE  STATE  OF  UTAH 

The  state  of  Utah  lies  almost  wholly  within  the  great  basin  between  the  main  range 
of  the  Rocky  mountains  on  the  east  and  the  Sierra  Nevada  mountains  on  the  west. 
It  lies  between  meridians  109  and  114,  west  longitude,  and  between  parallels  37  and  42 
north  latitude,  the  parallels  which  embrace  Colorado,  Kansas,  Missouri,  Virginia, 
Italy,  Turkey  and  Korea. 

The  state  contains  54,380,544  acres,  slightly  more  than  one-fifth  of  which  is  covered 
with  water.  The  average  elevation  of  Utah  is  about  two-thirds  of  a  mile  above  sea 
level.  The  highest  point  is  slightly  more  than  12,000  feet,  while  most  of  the  valleys  are 
less  than  5,000  feet.  All  the  valleys  are  fertile  and  suitable  for  agriculture  in  some  form. 

The  general  topography  of  the  state  is  mountainous.  The  mountains  rise  abruptly 
from  the  valleys  and  plateaus,  resembling  the  Alps  in  this  respect  as  well  as  in  others. 
A  chain  of  valleys  passes  through  the  state  from  north  to  south.  This  area  was  once  the 
bed  of  a  great  inland  sea  of  which  Great  Salt  Lake  is  the  remnant.  The  valleys  are 
connected  by  deep  canyons  with  smaller  valleys  branching  out  here  and  there  where  the 
Wasatch  and  Uintah  mountains  stand,  or  where  the  smaller  detached  ranges  diversify 
the  surface  of  the  state.  There  are  four  major  systems  of  drainage,  the  Green,  the 
Colorado,  the  Jordan  and  the  Bear.  The  first  two  empty  into  the  Gulf  of  California, 
and  the  last  two  into  Great  Salt  Lake.  There  are  many  streams  which  follow  the 


30 


^^WAHtSaSfS'.  '  ?* 


BATHING   IN   THE   GREAT   SALT   LAKE   IS   A   FAVORITE   DIVERSION 


LDENTS   AND   VISITORS 


canyons  and  lead  to  the  main  drainage  systems  and,  as  the  average  annual  precipitation 
of  the  state  is  from  5  to  20  inches,  varying  with  locality,  the  state  may  be  said  to  be 
fairly  well  watered.  Most  of  the  precipitation  falls  in  the  form  of  snow. 

Owing  to  the  varying  altitude  of  the  great  valleys  and  to  the  fact  that  most  of  the 
mountains  have  a  sunward  slope,  there  is  a  variation  of  climate  with  attendant  variation 
of  agriculture  from  hardy  grains  and  fruits  to  cotton  and  figs.  The  soil  is  very  fertile, 
almost  all  of  it  having  been  formed  by  the  washing  down  of  the  mountains,  the  silt 
having  been  spread  out  over  the  valleys  in  depth  varying  from  five  to  twenty  feet  and  often 
much  greater.  The  shore  line  of  the  ancient  lake  that  once  covered  these  valleys  and 
plateaus  may  be  traced  for  hundreds  of  miles  on  the  mountain  sides.  The  compara- 
tively slight  rainfall  of  the  summers  has  prevented  the  washing  or  leaching  of  the  soils, 
which  have  thus  retained  their  virgin  fertility  and  are  rich  in  the  elements  of  plant  food. 
Moisture  is  supplied  through  irrigation  and  scientific  tillage. 

The  mountain  ranges  of  the  state  are  among  the  most  highly  mineralized  of  the 
country  and  the  state's  resources  are  so  varied,  both  in  the  vegetable  and  mineral  king- 
doms, that  were  it  separated  from  the  rest  of  the  world  its  people  could  produce  and 
enjoy  all  the  necessities  and  most  of  the  luxuries  of  civilized  life  by  utilizing  only  that 
which  is  produced  within  its  borders. 

The  lands  of  the  state  are  in  three  general  divisions — mineral,  grazing  and  agri- 
cultural. These  overlap  in  a  measure.  Of  the  agricultural  lands,  1,400,000  acres  are 
classed  as  improved  land,  with  1,150,000  acres  actually  under  irrigation.  The  acreage 
of  irrigable  lands  is  placed  at  8,000,000.  About  14,000,000  acres  are  suitable  for  dry 
farming,  with  the  possible  exception  of  a  few  places  where  the  annual  rainfall  is  less 
than  ten  inches. 

IRRIGATION  AND  WATER  POWER 

Utah  is  the  birthplace  of  Anglo-Saxon  irrigation  on  the  American  continent.  When 
the  pioneers  came  into  the  Salt  Lake  valley  in  1847  they  beheld  an  expanse  of  dry,  un- 
yielding soil.  Among  the  first  works  they  commenced  was  the  building  of  an  irrigation 
canal  and  the  sequel  is  a  prosperous  West. 

Utah  has  expended  slightly  more  than  $13,800,000  on  irrigation  projects.  There 
are  projects  now  under  way  on  which  almost  $13,000,000  more  will  be  expended. 

Chief  among  the  recent  projects  in  the  state  is  the  great  Government  work,  known 
as  the  Strawberry  project,  on  which  almost  $3,000,000  has  been  expended.  It  has  been 
under  construction  since  1906  and  will  furnish  water  for  the  irrigation  of  65,000  acres 
of  mesa  and  bottom  lands  in  the  Utah  valley  south  of  Provo.  The  reservoir  will  im- 
pound 110,000  acre-feet  of  water,  which  will  be  conveyed  through  a  tunnel  19,000  feet 


31 


ENTRANCE  TO  MINE,  CASTLE  VALLEY  COAL  COMPANY 


long  extending  through  the 
Wasatch  mountains  under  the 
rim  of  the  Great  Basin  at  a 
depth  of  1,400  feet. 

Figures  given  by  the  state 
statistician  show  1,150,000  acres 
of  irrigated  lands  with  projects 
under  way  which  will  increase 
the  irrigated  area  to  2,000,000 
acres. 

The  amount  of  irrigable 
lands  in  the  state  is  practically 
limited  only  by  the  water 
supply.  The  Water  Resource 
Division  of  the  United  States 
Geological  Survey,  which  has 
twenty  measuring  stations  on 
the  principal  streams  of  the 
state,  says: 

"The  total  annual  run  off  from  the  streams  named  is  10,879,700  acre-feet.  Over 
10,000,000  acre-feet  of  this  runs  to  waste  annually.  Assuming  a  duty  of  four  acre-feet 
per  acre  of  land,  the  waste  water  from  the  streams  named  would  provide  sufficient 
water  to  irrigate  2,500,000  acres.  The  average  value  of  improved  farms  in  Utah  is 
$100  per  acre.  Therefore,  if  the  waste  waters  of  the  state  were  utilized  for  reclamation 
of  new  lands,  the  property  value  of  the  state  would  be  increased  $250,000,000." 

Some  idea  of  the  latent  energy  contained  in  the  water  power  sites  of  the  state  is 
conveyed  by  some  figures  given  by  the  same  authority — the  United  States  Geological 
Survey.  The  present  developed  water  power  of  the  state  is  50,624  brake  horse-power. 
The  possibilities  are  stated  by  E.  C.  LaRue  of  the  Geological  Survey,  as  follows: 

"By  actual  examination  in  Utah,  the  Geological  Survey  has  discovered  what  appear 
to  be  sites  with  an  aggregate  possible  development  of  128,000  brake  horse-power.    These 
examinations  cover  only  a  small  portion  of  the 
state.     No  doubt,  500,000  brake  horse-power 
would  be  a  conservative  estimate  of  the  un- 
developed water  power  of  the  state  today." 

There  is  a  constant  and  increasing  demand 
for  power  and  it  finds  a  ready  market. 

MINERAL  RESOURCES 

Utah  has  become  one  of  the  great  mining 
states,  not  only  in  production,  which  at  pres- 
ent reaches  beyond  the  half  billion  mark,  but 
also  in  the  known  extent  of  its  mineral  terri- 
tory and  the  varied  minerals  it  possesses. 
Almost  every  metal  known  is  found  in  the 
state.  Although  the  fact  is  not  generally 
known,  the  ore  from  which  M.  and  Mme. 
Curie  extracted  the  first  sample  of  radium 
came  from  the  La  Sal  mountains  in  south- 
eastern Utah. 

The  state  leads  the  country  in  the  pro- 
duction of  silver-lead  ores.  Its  iron  deposits 
are  the  wonder  of  the  world,  one  in  Iron 
county  having  been  estimated  by  an  eminent 
authority  to  contain  400,000,000  tons  of  MINE  OF  INDEPENDENT  COAL  &  COKE  co. 


32 


WESTERN  PACIFIC  TRAIN,  CROSSING  THE  GREAT  SALT  BED  IN  TOOELE  COUNTY 

magnetic  and  hematite  ore — the  greatest  deposit  yet  discovered.  The  state's  coal 
measures  are  so  vast  that  they  could  supply  the  world  for  ages  at  the  present  rate  of 
consumption  and  the  state  also  contains  almost  all  the  other  known  hydrocarbons. 

The  principal  metal  mining  districts  are  Bingham,  Park  City,  Tintic,  Beaver, 
Mercur  and  Marysvale,  but  rich  deposits  of  precious  and  semi-precious  metals  are  known 
to  exist  all  over  the  state  and  there  are  several  other  mining  districts  that  are  making 
history.  Some  of  these,  such  as  the  Deep  Creek  district,  are  capable  of  supplying  a 
great  tonnage  but  the  lack  of  transportation  facilities  has  limited  production.  It  is 
estimated  that  not  more  than  twenty  per  cent  of  the  known  mineral  territory  of  the  state 
has  been  developed. 

The  mining  history  of  the  state  begins  with  the  discovery  of  the  first  mine  in  1863. 
The  total  bullion  value  from  the  metal  mines  of  the  state  up  to  January  i,  1911, 
was  $526,271,890  and  dividends  paid  by  these  mines  in  that  period  amounted  to 
$93,57°,368. 

The  history  of  the  development  of  copper  mining  in  the  state  is  interesting.  From 
a  production  of  965,708  pounds  of  copper,  valued  at  $76,563  in  1890,  which  was  secured 
mostly  as  a  by-product  with  other  ores,  the  copper  mining  industry  has  grown  until 
the  production  in  1911  reached  140,293,198  pounds,  valued  at  $17,396,156.  These 
ores  were  reduced  by  the  great 
smelting  plants  in  the  state. 

Utah  stands  first  in  the  pro- 
duction of  silver,  with  $6,973,000 
out  of  a  total  production  of  $30,- 
854,500  in  the  United  States  in 
the  year  1911.  Montana  was 
second,  with  Nevada,  Colorado 
and  Idaho  following  in  order. 

The  total  mineral  produc- 
tion of  Utah  in  1910  was  $39,- 
233, 7J6,  of  which  the  metal  mines 
produced  $33,028,909.  The 
metal  mine  production  in  1911 
was  $34,845,812,  an  increase  for 
the  year  of  $1,816,903.  It  was 
a  year  marked  by  unusual  de- 
velopment work  at  many  of 
the  principal  properties.  UTAH'S  WOOL  OUTPUT  RUNS  INTO  THE  MILLIONS  ANNUALLY 


33 


UTAH'S  WHEAT  YIELD  is  27.1  BUSHELS  AN  ACRE,  THREE-SEVENTHS  GROWN  ON  UNIRRIGATED  LAND 

The  deposits  of  coal  are  by  far  the  greatest  of  the  non-metallic  minerals.  According 
to  the  studies  of  the  Utah  Conservation  Commission,  the  coal  area  of  the  state  is  13,130 
square  miles,  with  2,000  square  miles  more  that  may  contain  coal  in  paying  quantities 
but  which  have  not  yet  been  sufficiently  prospected  to  determine  this  question  positively. 
The  total  tonnage  is  estimated  at  19,645,800,000.  The  total  tonnage  mined  up  to  1909, 
the  year  of  the  report,  was  28,000,000. 

The  value  and  tonnage  of  the  hydrocarbon  deposits  of  Utah  can  only  be  estimated, 
but  run  well  up  in  the  millions.  One  group  yielded  21,465  tons  in  1910-1911.  The 
hydrocarbons  thus  far  discovered  lie  mostly  in  the  Uintah  basin  and  covei  an  area  of 
17,000  square  miles.  Immense  measures  of  asphaltum  are  found  in  limestone  and  sand- 
stone formation  in  this  region.  Besides  these  deposits,  the  presence  of  petroleum  in 
paying  quantities  has  been  determined.  Several  producing  wells  have  been  driven  in 
the  Virgin  river  district  of  southern  Utah  and  oil  has  been  discovered  in  paying  quan- 
tities along  the  San  Juan  river  in  the  extreme  southeastern  portion  of  the  state.  These 
deposits  are  at  present  remote  from  railroad  communication  and  little  beyond  prospecting 
work  has  thus  far  been  done.  Enough  has  been  determined,  however,  to  prove  that  the 
state  has  possibilities  as  an  oil  producer. 

Graphite,  phosphate,  kaolin,  fullers'  earth  and  gypsum  are  found  in  great  quantity 
in  the  state.  Silica,  chemically  pure,  and  all  the  building  stones,  including  marble  and 
onyx,  are  found  in  the  state,  most  of  them  in  immense  quantity. 


A  GLIMPSE  OF  LAGOON,  A  BEAUTIFUL  SALT  LAKE  CITY  RESORT 
34 


UNION  DEPOT,  DENVER  &  RIO  GRANDE  AND  WESTERN  PACIFIC,  SALT  LAKE  CITY 

FORESTS  OF  UTAH 

Utah's  forest  area  is  estimated  by  the  United  States  Land  Office  at  7,808,000  acres, 
of  which  95  per  cent  is  within  the  National  forests.  This  area  contains  8,779,500,000 
feet  of  timber,  according  to  the  estimate  of  the  Forester  of  District  No.  4. 

The  timber  of  the  state  is  mostly  in  the  canyons,  on  the  mountain  slopes  and  on  the 
plateaus  of  the  southern  portion  of  the  state.  The  principal  species  in  the  north  are  the 
Englemann  spruce,  the  Douglas  fir,  the  lodgepole  pine  and  other  species.  In  the  south 
there  are,  besides  the  above,  large  areas  of  western  yellow  pine.  In  all  the  forests  of 
the  central  and  southern  parts  of  the  state  are  large  tracts  of  quaking  aspen,  the  amount 
of  this  timber  in  the  state  being  estimated  at  7,390,000  cords.  This  timber  is  well  suited 
to  the  manufacture  of  wood  pulp  and,  in  connection  with  the  Douglas  fir  which  usually 
grows  with  it  in  about  the  right  proportion,  is  excellent  for  the  manufacture  of  paper. 
The  Moffatt  railroad,  which  will  pass  through  or  near  the  Uintah  forest,  will  make 
available  large  forests  of  aspen  and  should  add  the  wood  pulp  industry  to  those  already 
in  the  state. 

Many  excellent  mill  and  water  power  sites  are  near  this  timber  wealth  in  the  state. 
Timber  on  the  National  forests  is  for  sale  and  may  be  bought  in  large  or  small  amounts. 

Rapid  development  of  the  state  will  doubtless  make  a  heavy  draft  on  the  timber  in  it, 
but  with  the  careful  supervision  given  by  the  Government,  the  forests  should  be  equal  to 
the  drain  and  be  renewed  and  protected  sufficiently  to  last  indefinitely. 


SUGAR   BEETS.      THE   SUGAR   INDUSTRY   IS   HIGHLY   DEVELOPED   IN   THE   STATE 

35 


The  Forest  Service  planted 
in  the  state  about  2,000,000 
trees,  grown  in  local  nurseries, 
in  1911.  Besides  these,  a  con- 
siderable area  was  reforested  by 
sowing  seeds  on  denuded  areas. 
No  agricultural  portion  of 
the  state  is  far  removed  from  a 
timber  supply  and  all  the  mines 
are  located  in  the  mountains 
where  timber  is  to  be  found. 

The  establishment  of  trans- 
portation between  the  forests 
and  the  markets  will  make  the 
lumber  industry  one  of  import- 
ance in  the  state.  The  dura- 
bility of  Utah  timber  is  well 
shown  by  the  fact  that  buildings 
constructed  in  the  early  pioneer  days  of  native  timber,  chiefly  spruce  (known  locally  as 
white  pine),  Douglas  fir  and  red  fir,  are  still  standing  and  are  apparently  as  sound 
today  as  when  they  were  built  fifty  years  or  more  ago.  The  advent  of  the  railroads 
brought  better  finished  lumber,  but  not  better  material,  to  the  local  markets. 

The  great  lumber  companies,  in  their  haste  to  acquire  northern  and  Coast  timber 
lands,  passed  by  Utah  and  its  timber  wealth.  This  was  not  altogether  a  misfortune,  as, 
with  the  other  timber  lands  being  thinned  out  and  lumber  advancing  in  price,  Utah  is 
left  with  valuable  and  practically  untouched  timber  resources  uncontrolled  by  the  large 
interests  and  excellently  protected  by  the  National  Government. 


AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE   ADMINISTRATION   BUILDING.   LOGAN 


UTAH'S  CLIMATE 

One  of  Utah's  greatest  assets  is  its  climate.  Ranging  from  the  semi-tropical  to 
the  temperate,  and  even  to  the  semi-frigid,  according  to  location  and  elevation,  it  offers 
to  the  dweller  from  almost  any  quarter  of 
the  globe  the  climate  to  which  he  has  been 
accustomed,  with  the  added  advantage  of  meet- 
ing less  variability  of  temperature  than  in  his 
former  home.  And  it  is  also  able  to  offer  him 
a  change  if  he  desire  it. 

There  is  here  a  march  of  the  seasons, 
adding  vigor  to  mind  and  body,  unknown 
outside  the  mountain  stretches.  And  Utah 
has  conditions  to  offer  that  are  not  met  in 
other  mountain  states.  A  weather  expert  puts 
it  thus: 

"On  the  shores  of  Great  Salt  Lake,  and  for 
over  fifty  miles  around,  the  climate  of  climates 
is  found.  Here  the  air  of  the  mountains  and 
of  the  ocean  is  found  by  the  happy  dweller. 
The  breezes  come  down  from  the  encircling 
peaks  and  are  salted  by  the  inland  sea." 

The  altitude  of  the  state  has  the  effect  of 
lessening  the  air  pressure,  allowing  more  of  the 
sun's  rays  to  reach  the  earth's  surface  than  at 
sea  level.  This  aids  evaporation,  itself  a 
cooling  process,  and,  although  Utah's  days  are 
the  same  length  as  those  of  Illinois  and  Italy,  EXECUTIVE  BUILDING,  L.  D.  s.  CHURCH 


36 


SOME  OF  UTAH'S  GREAT  MINE  AND  SMELTER  PLANTS 

the  summers  are  appreciably  cooler.  The  winters  of  Utah  are  more  like  those  of 
Italy  than  like  those  of  Illinois,  on  account  of  fewer  and  less  violent  storms,  such  as 
follow  the  crests  of  high  pressure  common  in  the  middle  states.  The  high  and  more  or 
less  constant  winds  that  prove  annoying  in  other  mountain  states  are  absent  from  Utah. 

Although  the  absolute  maximum  temperatures  show  no  higher  values  than  in  the 
middle  states,  month  for  month,  the  mean  minimum  temperatures  show  much  lower 
summer  and  higher  winter  minimum  than  there.  It  is  in  the  absolute  minimum  tem- 
peratures that  the  widest  difference  is  shown,  comparing  Utah  with  the  middle  states. 
Utah's  winter  lowest  is  fully  twenty  degrees  higher  than  Omaha  and  other  Missouri 
river  points. 

It  is  in  the  low  average  daily  variability  that  Utah's  climate  excels.  There  is  no 
succession  of  days  in  Utah  when  this  variability  of  temperature  averages  five  degrees, 
while  in  the  middle  states  the  daily  variability  averages  between  six  and  nine  degrees. 

The  "hot  nights,"  so  distressing  in  many  other  regions,  are  almost  unknown  in 
Utah  and  one  "sleeps  under  the  covers"  practically  the  entire  year. 

The  length  of  the  growing  season  in  Utah  as  compared  with  other  portions  of  the 
country  will  be  of  interest  to  the  agriculturalist.  According  to  the  records  of  the  United 
States  Weather  Bureau,  the  growing  season  at  Salt  Lake  City  begins  two  weeks  earlier 
than  at  Chicago,  five  weeks  earlier  than  at  Duluth,  more  than  one  week  earlier  than  at 
Omaha  and  closes  almost  the  same  length  of  time  later,  the  dates  being  Salt  Lake  City 
Nov.  7;  Omaha,  Nov.  3;  Chicago,  Nov.  4;  and  Duluth,  Oct.  20. 

Utah  has  a  higher  average  of  "sunshiny  days"  than  almost  any  other  portion  of  the 
country.  The  average  annual  percentage  of  bright  and  cloudless  days  in  Utah  is  62, 
as  against  54  for  Minnesota,  56  for  Ohio  and  60  for  Missouri. 

Although  what  is  known  as  "sensible  temperature"  is  made  up  of  many  meteoro- 
logical influences,  it  is  probable  that  the  relative  humidity  of  the  atmosphere  affects  it 


37 


UTAH   FARMERS    BELIEVE   IN    BLOODED    STOCK.      HERE   ARE    SOME   OF   THE    STATE'S    GOOD   HORSES 

most.  In  a  "warm  spell,"  of  August,  1896,  still  well  remembered  locally  because  "warm 
spells"  are  so  infrequent  in  Utah,  the  temperature  at  Salt  Lake  City  and  New  York  City 
was  the  same — 96  degrees  Fahrenheit.  There  were  648  deaths  from  heat  prostration  in 
New  York  City  and  214  at  Brooklyn  in  this  period,  but  none  at  Salt  Lake  City.  The 
reason  was  that  only  about  25  per  cent  of  the  possible  moisture  held  in  the  air  at  sea  level 
is  held  in  the  air  in  Utah,  at  the  same  temperature.  There  is  no  record  of  a  death  from 
heat  prostration,  in  Utah. 

Dr.  T.  B.  Beatty,  secretary  of  the  State  Board  of  Health  of  Utah,  sums  up  the 
healthfulness  of  Utah's  climate  thus: 

"The  Utah  climate  unites  in  a  peculiar  degree  the  elements  recognized  as  forming 
an  environment  most  suitable  for  healthfulness.  These  include  high  maximum  sun- 
shiny days,  low  relative  humidity  and  moderate  temperature  extremes,  added  to  which 
there  is  abundance  of  pure  water  from  the  mountains. 

"The  usual  stimulating  effects  of  a 
mountain  climate  are  found  in  combination 
with  a  diversity  of  altitude  and  temperature  in 
different  portions  of  the  state  that  adapts  them 
to  the  particular  needs  of  almost  all  of  the 
chronic  diseases." 

It  should  be  noted  that  the  climate  of 
Utah  ranges  from  the  semi-tropical  of  the 
southern  counties,  which  possess  ideal  condi- 
tions for  winter  residence  for  invalids,  to  the 
temperate  climate  of  the  northern  portions, 
offering  diversity  and  excellence  truly  unique. 
The  best  evidence  of  its  excellence  is 
found  in  the  general  health  of  its  people, 
particularly  the  native  born  and  their  descend- 
ants. The  diseases  that  claim  the  greatest  toll 
among  infants  and  adults  in  other  places  are 
unknown  among  these  people. 

SCENIC  UTAH 

Utah  has  much  to  offer  the  tourist,  the 
nature   lover  and    the   sportsman.     There   is 
an    awe    inspiring     grandeur     in     the    main 
UPPER  FALLS,  pRovo  CANYON  ranges  of  the  Rocky  mountains  and  the  Sierra 


SOUTHERN   PACIFIC   TRAIN   ON   TRESTLE   ACROSS   THE   GREAT   SALT   LAKE 

Nevada  mountains.  There  is  a  grandeur  of  another  type  in  the  Wasatch,  Uintah  and 
other  ranges  in  Utah.  They  have  an  abruptness  to  be  found  elsewhere  only  in  the  Alps. 
Without  the  usual  accompaniment  of  foothills,  they  rise  sheer  from  broad  valleys  where 
the  eye  may  catch  and  sense  at  once  their  majesty  and  beauty. 

Travelers  have  called  Utah  the  Switzerland  of  America,  but  Utah  has  what  Switzer- 
land has  not.  Switzerland  has  its  Engadine.  Utah  has  its  Utah  valley,  with  mighty 
Mount  Timpanagos,  reflected  in  as  fair  a  lake  as  Leman,  with  living  glaciers  like  those 
of  Mont  Blanc.  Utah  has  its  Mount  Nebo,  the  last  westward  sentinel  of  the  Rockies, 
to  place  against  the  Matterhorn.  It  has  upland  lakes  that  for  wild  beauty  are  without 
equal.  Towering  peaks,  whose  granite  shoulders  project  through  perpetual  snow,  rise 
above  the  soft  greenery  and  rich  coloring  of  the  mountain  slopes  below. 

All  these  Switzerland  has  in  greater  or  less  measure.  But  Switzerland  has  not  the 
enchanted  land  of  southern  Utah,  where  the  erosion  of  the  ages  has  carved  from  the 
sandstone  a  scenic  wonderland  the  like  of 
which  does  not  exist  elsewhere  on  the  earth. 
Nor  has  it  the  silent  and  deserted  homes  of 
the  ancient  Cliff  Dwellers,  perched  on  the 
sides  of  precipices,  from  whose  picture  writings 
no  living  man  has  yet  been  able  to  learn  the 
history  of  a  race  so  long  dead  that  tradition 
has  forgotten  it.  Nor  has  Switzerland  the 
immense  natural  bridges  or  the  wonderful 
sweeps  of  desert,  where  nothing  seems  real; 
or  the  great  lake,  deserving  of  fame  for  its 
beauty  not  less  than  for  the  nature  of  its 
water. 

Switzerland's  story  has  been  told,  through 
many  ages  and  in  many  tongues;  Utah's  story 
is  just  beginning. 

When  you  leave  the  mountains  of  Switzer- 
land, you  leave  Switzerland.  When  you  leave 
the  mountains  of  Utah  you  still  have  an 
empire  to  visit  and  enjoy  without  leaving  Utah. 
You  pass  over  great  plains  and  mesas,  view 
thousands  of  beautiful  fields  and  orchards,  see 
immense  herds  of  cattle,  horses  and  sheep, 
travel  beside  rivers  and  cross  the  great  lake 


JN  A  UTAH 


ORCHARD 


40 


UTAH'S  SCENIC  WONDERS  INCLUDE  NATURAL  BRIDGES  UNEQUALED  IN  SIZE. 


OATS   ARE   A  MOST   PROFITABLE   CROP   IN   UTAH'S   FERTILE   VALLEYS 

itself  on  a  railroad  train.     And  above  you  all  the  time,  you  have  such  a  sky  as  may  be 
found  in  only  a  few  places  in  the  wide  world. 

If  you  be  a  sportsman,  trout  await  your  fly  in  a  thousand  brooks,  which  are  kept 
well  stocked  by  the  state's  fish  hatcheries.  In  the  mountains  you  will  find  deer  and 
antelope  and,  higher  up,  mountain  sheep  and  goat.  If  you  desire  excitement  more  than 
these  can  furnish,  you  will  find  wolf,  bear  and  mountain  lion.  Quail,  grouse  and  sage- 
hen  abound  everywhere  in  Utah  and  all  species  of  waterfowl  are  abundant,  especially 
in  the  marshes  along  the  northern  shores  of  the  great  lake  and  along  the  streams  that 
flow  into  it.  The  duck  shooting  around  Great  Salt  Lake  is  said  to  be  unequaled  in 
the  country.  Many  eastern  sportsmen  are  sufficiently  convinced  of  this  to  come  to  Utah 
each  year  from  the  Atlantic  seaboard  to  enjoy  the  fall  shooting.  The  fish  and  game  of 
the  state  are  well  protected  by  law  and  are  increasing  in  number  through  the  intelligent 
methods  of  protection  and  propagation  employed. 

OPPORTUNITIES  IN  STATE 

For  the  man  who  has  grown  weary  of  the  cramped  conditions  of  life  in  the  more 
populous  parts  of  the  country  and  who  longs  for  the  independence  the  soil  only  can  give, 
Utah  holds  exceptional  opportunities.  He  can  find  within  the  borders  of  the  state,  just 
the  climate  that  meets  his  idea  of  what  climate  should  be  and  can  produce  from  the  soil 
just  the  class  of  crops  he  desires.  Here  a  small  acreage  will  easily  support  a  family. 


THOUSANDS  OF  CATTLE  GROW  FAT  ON  THE  RANGE  GRASSES  IN  UTAH 

41 


STEAM  PLOWING   ON   A   BIG   "DRY"    FARM 


Should  the  homeseeker  wish 
to  turn  to  horticulture,  he  will 
find  thousands  of  acres  of  as  fine 
fruit  lands  as  can  be  found  be- 
tween the  seas  waiting  for  him, 
which  he  can  buy  for  a  small 
payment  down  with  long  time 
in  which  to  complete  the  pur- 
chase. Unimproved  lands  with 
perpetual  water  rights  may  be 
secured  close  to  railroad  trans- 
portation for  from  $40  to  $100 
an  acre.  These  la'ids,  if  planted 
to  fruit  trees,  will  have  a  market 
value  of  from  $500  to  $2000  an 
acre  in  five  years  and  will  return 
a  yearly  income  of  half  their 
value.  Planted  to  other  crops, 
the  lands  will  yield  a  livelihood 

while  the  fruit  trees  are  maturing.  There  is  always  a  market  for  the  best  classes  of 
fruit  and  Utah  produces  the  best.  Here  is  what  Charles  Brooks,  pathologist  of  the 
Bureau  of  Plant  Industry  of  the  Government,  said  Sept.  27,  1912,  of  Utah  peaches — 
and  peaches  are  only  one  of  many  fine  fruits  produced  in  Utah: 

"The  best  class  of  peaches  marketed  from  the  New  England  orchards  would  hardly 
compare  with  the  poorest  shipped  from  this  state.  While  at  Tremonton  yesterday  I  saw 
peaches  packed  and  shipped  as  second  class  fruit,  and  some  that  were  considered  doubt- 
ful even  for  this  class,  that  would  be  looked  upon  as  remarkable  specimens  if  placed 
immediately  on  the  Boston  market." 

This  comment  is  typical  of  what  other  experts  have  said  of  Utah  fruits,  and  what  is 
said  of  fruits  may  also  be  said  of  the  other  products  of  Utah's  soil.  Utah's  products  are 
frequently  complimented  by  being  labeled  as  coming  from  some  other  region  that  has  been 
better  advertised.  This  is  a  compliment  which  will  be  difficult  to  return,  because  when 
Utah's  products  achieve  the  wider  fame  that  will  inevitably  be  theirs  when  they  become 
better  known,  the  fact  of  superior  Utah  quality  will  make  it  hard  to  give  the  name  "Utah" 
to  the  products  of  other  places  and  convince  the  consumer  that  the  label  is  truthful. 

If  the  homeseeker  desires  to  turn  his  attention  to  general  farming  or  stock  raising, 
there  are  lands  waiting  for  him  near  vast  public  ranges,  which  can  be  bought  much 
more  cheaply  than  the  fruit 
lands  and  which  will  produce 
all  the  ordinary  food  plants, 
as  well  as  the  grasses  and  grains 
of  the  north  temperate  zone. 
There  are  new  towns 
springing  up  all  over  the  newer 
irrigated  tracts,  besides  the 
older  communities,  in  which  are 
many  business  opportunities. 
The  prospective  manufac- 
turer will  find  that  a  small 
capital  invested  where  most,  or 
all,  of  the  raw  materials  are  found 
close  at  hand,  will  have  unusual 
opportunities.  Larger  capital 
will  have  equal  opportunity,  in 
mining,  agriculture,  merchan- 
dizing or  manufacturing.  COKE  OVENS,  UTAH  FUEL  COMPANY,  SUNNYSIDE 


42 


UTAH  STRAWBERRIES  ARE  UNEXCELLED  FOR  SIZE  AND  FLAVOR.      THE  YIELD  IS  ABUNDANT 

Utah  is  eminently  "sane"  industrially  and  there  is  no  place  in  the  country  where 
capital  and  labor  work  together  more  harmoniously  or  to  better  mutual  advantage,  and 
there  is  no  field  that  is  overcrowded. 

*         *         * 

The  story  of  Salt  Lake  City  and  its  surroundings  has  here  been  told  imperfectly 
and  incompletely.  The  thought  has  been  to  give  to  those  who  have  not  visited  the  region 
some  idea  of  its  resources  and  attractions  in  the  hope  that  they  will  be  induced  to  in- 
vestigate it  personally,  which  is  the  best  way  to  learn  about  it. 

This  investigation  is  invited  in  the  confident  belief  that  the  more  the  country  is 
investigated  the  more  it  will  prosper. 

The  wage-earner,  the  young  man  without  capital  but  with  an  ambition  to  have  a 
home  and  a  competence,  can  find  here  his  opportunity  to  "grow  up  with  the  country." 
The  man  with  moderate  means  will  find  his  chance  to  expand.  The  man  of  large  means 
can  place  his  capital  here  and  have  it  protected  while  it  earns  for  him  more  than  it  will 
earn  elsewhere.  The  home  seeker,  the  health  seeker,  the  pleasure  seeker,  all  will  find 
here  what  they  desire. 

And  all  good  people  will  be  welcomed.  Utah  is  a  good,  progressive,  patriotic 
American  commonwealth,  whose  people  of  all  classes  have  a  proper  respect  for  law  and 
morals.  They  are  good  citizens  and  good  neighbors,  industrious,  intelligent  and  hospi- 
table. They  believe  in  churches,  schools,  books,  newspapers,  music,  pictures  and  all 
healthy  amusements.  They  are  in  favor  of  more  people,  more  railroads,  more  mines, 
more  mills,  more  farms,  more  towns  and  all  that  goes  with  them;  and  they  will  help 
those  who  bring  these  things.  They  have  built  a  great  state  and  have  faith  in  it;  and 
they  desire  to  have  others  know  about  it  and  become  a  part  of  it. 

Utah  is  not  Utopia — at  least,  not  yet.  It  will  not  shower  blessings  and  prosperity 
without  effort  on  the  part  of  the  one  who  seeks  them.  He  who  comes  to  Utah  to  make 
his  home  and  seek  his  fortune  must  come  prepared  to  earn  what  he  hopes  to  receive. 
He  must  dig  in  the  hills,  till  the  soil,  work  with  his  hands  or  with  his  head  or  he  will  fail 
here,  just  as  he  would  fail  elsewhere.  But  if  he  come  to  Utah  prepared  to  give  to  his 
calling  intelligent  application  and  effort,  his  reward  is  sure. 

Utah  does  not  ask  you  to  send  your  capital  here  to  lose  it.  It  invites  you  to  send 
your  capital  here  to  increase  it;  to  bring  your  family  here  and  live  among  us;  or,  if  you 
can  do  neither,  to  come  and  visit  us  anyway  to  enjoy  for  a  time  what  we  enjoy  all  the 
time. 


43 


RYE,  MILLARD  COUNTY,  ONE  OF  UTAH'S  STAPLE  GRAIN  CROPS 

Appendix 


HERE  are  three  ways  of  securing  homestead  land  in  Utah  and  each  plan 
has  distinct  advantages  adapted  to  the  needs  of  the  individual.  We  give 
herewith  the  substance  of  the  laws  with  reference  to  the  acquirement  of 
homestead  land  and  the  securing  of  title  from  the  Government. 

RESIDENCE  LAND 

Under  the  Enlarged  Homestead  Act  or  "Smoot  Act,"  you  may,  by  appearing 
personally  before  the  Receiver  of  the  Land  Office  in  Salt  Lake  City  or  before  the  officer 
in  charge  of  the  land  office  in  the  county  in  which  you  wish  to  locate,  file  on  not  more 
than  320  acres  of  arid  land  that  has  been  designated  by  the  Government  as  home- 
stead land.  If  you  are  able  to  judge  for  yourself  as  to  the  value  of  the  soil  and  the  lay 
of  the  land,  the  only  cost  will  be  the  filing  fees  which  will  amount  to  about  $22.00.  But 
if  you  know  nothing  of  soil  or  location,  it  would  be  better  for  you  to  engage  the  services 
of  a  land  locator  to  show  you  the  best  locations  or  you  may  secure  for  a  small  cost 
township  plats  showing  the  land  open  for  entry  in  any  portion  of  the  State.  Locator's 
fees  range  from  $50.00  to  $125.00  according  to  the  size  of  the  entry  and  the  time  taken 
to  secure  the  land.  After  the  land  has  been  located  and  the  filing  made  with  the  Govern- 
ment you  must  take  up  residence  on  it  within  six  months.  In  three  years'  time  you 
may  secure  title  to  the  land,  providing  you  cultivated  one-sixteenth  of  the  total  entry 
during  the  second  year  and  one-eighth  during  the  third  year  and  until  proof.  By 
cultivation  is  meant  the  plowing  and  seeding  of  the  land  to  some  crop  other  than  native 
grasses.  Residence  is  required  five  continuous  months  each  year. 


HARVESTING   OATS   ON   IRRIGATED   LAND,   RICH   COUNTY 


44 


CEMENT  PLANT  IN  BOX  ELDER  COUNTY 


NON-RESIDENCE  LAND 

The  locating  and  filing  are 
done  in  the  same  way  as  on 
residence  land  with  the  excep- 
tion of  "  the  taking  up  of  resi- 
dence "  clause.  Instead  of  taking 
up  residence  you  are  required  to 
have  one-eighth  of  the  total 
entry  cultivated  during  the 
second  year,  one-fourth  during 
the  third  year  and  this  one- 
fourth  must  be  kept  in  cultiva- 
tion until  the  end  of  the  fifth 
year  or  until  proof  is  made, 
when  title  may  be  secured, 
providing  you  have  personally 
supervised  the  cultivation. 
There  have  been  no  titles 
issued  under  the  new  law  and  it  is  impossible  to  cite  instances  of  proof  to  show 
how  often  the  farm  should  be  visited  by  the  owner  but  the  intent  of  the  law  is 
that  the  owner  show  good  faith;  so  if  he  is  able  to  show  that  he  visited  the  farm  at  regular 
intervals  and  took  upon  himself  the  responsibility  of  the  operations  there  should  be  no 
trouble  in  securing  title. 

The  cost  of  improving  a  dry  farm  depends  somewhat  on  its  location  but  to  prepare 
the  ground  for  seed  will  cost  from  $6.00  to  $8.00  per  acre.  The  seed  will  cost  about  60 
cents  per  acre.  If  twenty  acres  have  been  cultivated  the  investment  will  be  about 
$250.00  including  the  living  expenses.  The  harvest  should  be  at  least  twenty  bushels 
of  wheat  or  oats  to  the  acre  and  400  bushels  at  75  cents  would  give  you  a  good  start  on 
the  second  year's  work. 

If  the  entry  consists  of  320  acres,  one-eighth  or  forty  acres  must  be  cultivated  the 
second  year.  Twenty  acres  of  this  amount  have  already  been  cultivated  and  the 
second  year's  crop  on  it  should  exceed  the  first  year's  crop  by  a  good  margin  while 
from  the  cost  of  production  can  be  omitted  the  expense  of  clearing  the  land  of  brush. 
The  two  foregoing  plans  apply  to  the  acquirement  of  land  under  the  Enlarged 
Homestead  Act  of  February  19,  1909.  The  third  plan  applies  to  the  old  Homestead 
Act  which  has  been  in  force  for  a  number  of  years  and  which  was  modified  by  the  act 
of  June  6,  1912.  Under  the  provisions  of  this  act  it  is  possible  to  acquire  160  acres 
of  vacant  Government  land  and 
by  residing  upon  it  for  a  period 
of  three  years  and  showing  the 
necessary  amount  of  cultiva- 
tion, which  consists  of  one 
sixteenth  of  the  entry  beginning 
with  the  second  year,  and  one 
eighth  beginning  with  the  third 
year  and  until  proof,  title  may 
be  secured. 

WHAT  IS   DRY  FARMING? 

Briefly,  "dry  farming"  or 
"arid  farming"  is  that  phase  of 
agriculture  in  which  crops  are 
raised  in  localities  which,  until 
recent  years,  were  regarded 
as  having  insufficient  rainfall, 
and  where  irrigation  is  either  ONE  OF  UTAH'S  BEET  SUGAR  FACTORIES,  LOGAN 


45 


impossible  or  entirely  impractical.  The 
main  secret  of  dry  farming  lies  in  the 
ability  of  the  agriculturist  to  till,  fallow 
and  mulch  his  land  so  that  the  precipita- 
tion for  the  entire  year  is  retained  in  the 
soil  instead  of  being  allowed  to  evapo- 
rate. Added  to  this  is  the  necessity  for 
selecting  hardy  varieties  of  grains  which 
will  burrow  deep  enough  in  the  soil  to 
utilize  this  stored  moisture. 

Wheat  is  at  present  the  principal 
crop  on  the  arid  farms  of  Utah,  although 
oats,  barley,  rye,  corn,  potatoes,  alfalfa, 
brome  grass,  emmer  and  other  cereals 
are  successfully  grown.  Reports  on 
100,000  acres  of  dry  farm  land  in  Cache 
valley  show  an  average  yield  of  30 
bushels  of  wheat  to  the  acre,  the  highest 
being  62^  bushels. 

For  several  years  past  Utah  has 
stood  second  in  the  United  States  in  the 
production  of  the  largest  number  of 
bushels  of  wheat  per  acre. 

Average  bushels  of  wheat  produced 
per  acre  for  ten  years: 

Colorado 24 . 53 

Utah 24. 

Idaho 23 , 

Washington 23 . 

Nebraska 16. 

Kansas 13 . 

Minnesota 12 , 

South  Dakota n .  72 

According  to  the  United  States 
Government  statistics  for  five  years  as 
compared  with  all  other  states  in  the 
Union,  Utah's  average  production  per 
acre  stands  as  follows: 

AS  COMPARED       AVERAGE 
PRODUCT  WITH  ALL      PRODUCTION 

OTHER  STATES      PER  ACRE 


16 

,84 

29 

•63 

55 
.66 


•7 

Wheat  

.  .  Second  . 

.    27  i  bu. 

> 

Oats  

Second 

43  i     " 

Barley  

.  .  First  .  .  . 

40  7     " 

g 

Q 

Hav,  Alfalfa.  . 
Alfalfa  Seed.  . 
Sugar  Beets.  . 

.  .  Second  .  . 
.  .First  
.  .  First  .... 

.  .   3.8     tons 
340  Ibs. 
12  81    tons 

1 

Potatoes.  . 

.  .  Second  .  . 

1  60  bu. 

These  figures  are  most  interesting 
when  we  consider  that  three-sevenths  of 
Utah's  wheat  crop  is  raised  on  dry 
farms,  without  irrigation,  and  that  the 
five-year  average  shows  a  production 
double  the  ten-year  average  of  the  great 
wheat  producing  state  of  Kansas. 


46 


HORSES  ON  ONE  OF  THE  GREAT  UPLAND  RANGES  OF  UTAH 

Many  individual  yields  are  recorded  of  from  fifty  to  sixty  bushels,  but  a  state 
average  of  27.10  bushels  is  incontrovertible  evidence  of  the  wonderful  fertility  of  the 
soil  and  advanced  knowledge  in  the  science  of  cultivation. 

By  intelligent  effort,  coupled  with  industrious  application,  no  one  need  fail  to  sur- 
pass the  general  average. 

From  the  experience  of  Utah  farmers  it  is  apparent  that  the  time  of  seeding  will 
vary  in  this  state  according  to  the  locality,  but  experience  shows  that  generally  seeding 
during  September  and  October  has  given  the  most  satisfactory  results. 

The  problem  of  successful  dry  farming  concerns  itself  with  the  best  method  of 
conserving  moisture.  The  principles  of  dry  farming  are  simply  those  of  successful 
conservation  of  soil  moisture.  Dry  farming  can  only  be  successfully  practiced,  where 
the  evaporation  is  so  great  as  it  is  in  this  state,  where  there  is  an  average  precipitation 
of  at  least  10  inches,  and  where  proper  methods  are  observed.  This  does  not  mean 
that  this  precipitation,  or  any  considerable  part  of  it,  must  occur  during  the  spring 
months  necessarily,  but  there  must  be  at  least  that  much  rainfall  during  the  entire 
season. 


ONE   YEAR  S   CHANGE 

Land  of  the  Jewish  Agricultural  &  Colonial  Association  at  Clarion,  Sanpete  county,  showing  the  site  before  irrigation  and  the 
first  harvest  on  the  same  land.    This  colony  was  brought  to  Utah  through  the  efforts  of  the  Commercial  Club  Publicity  Bureau 

47 


We  Have  Great  Faith  in  Utah  and 
the  Intermountain  Country 

With  their  vast  treasuries  of  wealth  in  mining,  manufacturing, 
agriculture,  horticulture,  stock-raising,  etc. 

We  know  that  Utah  and  the  Intermountain  West  are  only 
beginning  to  come  into  their  own. 

We  know  that  the  population  of  this  territory  will  increase  in 
the  coming  years,  far  beyond  the  present  average  public  belief. 

We  know  there  are  opportunities  innumerable  in  this  section, 
for  the  newcomer,  in  all  lines  of  endeavor. 

We  know  that  we  have  here  a  climatic  and  scenic  wealth  second 
to  none. 

We  know  that  in  our  territory  we  have  the  finest  hunting,  fish- 
ing and  camping  haunts  in  the  land. 

And  so,  because  of  our  faith,  the  Oregon  Short  Line — Union 
Pacific  Railroads  will  continue  to  lend  every  effort  in  preaching 
the  gospel  of  "The  Great  West,"  for 

The  West  Needs  More  People- 
More  People  Need  To  Come  West 

We  invite  you  to  come  west  with  the  knowledge  that  the  Union 
Pacific — Oregon  Short  Line  Railroads  do  and  ever  will  provide  the 
best  possible  service  in  every  branch  of  operation,  backed  by 
courteous  attention  of  employes  and  the  eternal  protection  of 
automatic  electric  block  signals. 

GERRIT  FORT,  D.  E.  BURLEY, 
Pass.  Traf.  Mgr.,  Gen.  Pass.  Agt., 

U.  P.— O.  S.  L.  R.  R.  Lines,  O.  S.  L.  R.  R.  Co., 

Omaha,  Neb.  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah 


LAKE  MARY   IN  THE  WASATCH   RANGE 


